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Well, hey there, I"m Emma from mmmEnglish. Tell me have you ever wished that a situation from the past had been different?
嗨，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道。告诉我，你是否曾经希望过去的某种情况可以变得不一样呢？
Maybe you wished that you"d behave differently or wished that you"d said yes to something that you didn"t? Of course, you have!
也许你想表现得不同，或希望你接受了某件你曾经说了不的事情？你当然有过！
This is part of being human, isn"t it? We all go through it.
这是人类本性的一部分，不是吗？我们都会经历这种情况。
So I know that you are going to love today"s lesson. Today we are going to dive deep on some awesome grammar, the third conditional.
因此，我知道你肯定会喜欢今天的课程的。今天，我们将深入探讨一个超赞的语法现象，第三条件句。
Now I hope you"re not eye-rolling on me. Yes this is a grammar lesson but it"s an incredibly useful one to talk about our regrets and our disappointments.
我希望大家不要对我翻白眼。是的，这是一堂语法课，但是它非常有用，可以用来谈论我们的遗憾和失望。
Sounds kind of grim, doesn"t it? There are lots of useful ways to learn and practise with this grammar structure and I don"t know about you but I"m excited to get started.
听起来有点严肃，对吧？有很多有用的方法来学习和练习这种语法结构，我不知道大家什么情况，但是我已经迫不及待要开始了呢。
Let"s go! Now you probably know that there are several types of conditional sentences in English.
让我们开始吧！现在你可能知道英语中有几种不同类型的条件句。
I"ve made lessons about many of them already. But like all conditional sentences, the third conditional has two clauses.
关于它们我已经出了不少课程了。但是，像所有条件句一样，第三条件句也有两个子句。
The "if" clause and the main clause. But unlike the zero, the first and the second conditionals, this one talks about the past and specifically an unreal past, not a true past, an unreal one.
“if”子句和主句。但是不像零、第一和第二条件句一样，第三条件句谈论的是过去，特别是不现实的过去，不是真实的过去，是不真实的过去。
We use the third conditional to imagine a situation in the past and the imaginary result which is also in the past, okay? So it"s imaginary.
我们用第三条件句来想象过去的一个情况，和过去的一个想象性的结果，对吧？所以这是虚构的。
It"s not real, it"s not true okay because we can"t change the past. Sometimes we wish we could but we can"t.
这不是真实的，不是真实的，因为我们无法改变过去。有时我们希望自己可以，但我们不能。
So that"s why you"ll often hear the third conditional being used to talk about regrets, things that we wish were different. So let"s look at a few examples to get started.
这就是为什么你经常听到第三条件句被用来谈论后悔的情况，那些我们希望可以不同的情况。让我们来看一些例子来开始吧。
If I had left earlier, I wouldn"t have missed my flight. So I"m a bit upset about that, right?
如果我早点离开，我就不会错过航班。所以，我对此有些不高兴，对吧？
I"m upset I missed my flight. I wish that I had have left my house a little bit earlier and not run late.
错过了我的航班，我感到非常伤心。我希望我能早点从家出发，不要拖得太晚。
I wish that I could go back in time and be on the plane but I can"t because my flight"s gone. There"s nothing that I can do about it now except buy another ticket.
我希望时光能够倒流，我可以赶上飞机，但我无法做到，因为我的航班已经起飞了。我什么都做不了，除了再买另一张机票。
Well, we can use the third conditional to show how angry or how frustrated we are about this situation, right? Now look if you hadn"t been so rude, they would have invited you back.
好的，我们可以使用第三条件句来表示我们对于这种情况有多么生气或者沮丧，对吧？如果你不那么粗鲁的话，他们会邀请你回来的。
You were rude? Obviously, that didn"t work out well for you, did it?
你粗鲁吗？显然，并不会那样的，是吗？
Now they"re not going to invite you back again in the future. You can"t go back and change it now, can you?
他们以后并不会邀请你再来了。你不能回去，改变过去，对吧？
Whether you want to or not so. I"m just gonna use the third conditional now to tell you off.
不管你是不是想要那么做。我现在要使用第三条件句来训斥你。
If I hadn"t been going so fast, I wouldn"t have been fined. Yeah I got fined which is annoying but it"s already happened.
如果我没开那么快的话，就不会被罚款了。是的，我被罚款了，这挺令人生气的，但是它已经发生了。
I can"t change it now, right? That"s something you definitely can"t change.
我现在不能改变，对吗？这是你绝对无法更改的事情。
So we use the third conditional to talk about things that we regret, things that we wish we could change about the past and also to tell someone off for something that they did in the past. So it"s pretty useful, right?
所以我们用第三条件句来谈论那些在过去我们感到遗憾的事情，我们希望我们可以改变的事情，以及因为别人在过去做的事情而斥责他们。所以它非常有用，对吧？
It"s a really handy structure to have up your sleeve, to know. All right, so let"s talk about what it looks like now.
掌握这个结构真的非常有用。好的，那我们现在来谈谈它长什么样子吧。
So to make the third conditional, we need a few things. We need "if" and the past perfect.
要造一个第三条件句的话，我们需要做一些事情。我们需要“if”和过去完成时。
Then we need a comma and then we need the perfect conditional. You might be wondering what the heck is the past perfect or the perfect conditional?
然后呢，我们需要一个逗号，再然后，我们需要完成条件句。你可能想知道过去到底是什么是过去完成时，什么是完成条件句？
So think about it this way. The past perfect is subject with "had" and the past participle verb.
这样想一想。过去完成时是主语加‘had’再加过去完成时动词。
If I had left earlier. If you hadn"t been so rude.
如果我早点离开。如果你没有那么粗鲁。
If I hadn"t been going so fast. Okay these are all examples of the past perfect.
如果我没有那么快。好的，这些都是过去完成时的例子。
Now the perfect conditional is subject with "would have" and the past participle verb. So it"s just the present perfect with "would" in front of it.
现在，完成条件句是主题加“would have”再加动词过去分词。就是在“would”之后加现在完成时。
I wouldn"t have missed my flight. They would have invited you back.
我就不会错过我的航班。他们就会再次邀请你的。
I wouldn"t have got that ticket. So let"s put the third conditional altogether.
我就不会拿到那张票了。让我们把第三条件句放在一起吧。
We need "if", the subject, "had" and the past participle then our comma, very important, followed by our subject, "would have" and the past participle. That"s the third conditional.
我们需要“if”，主语，“had”和过去分词，然后是我们的逗号，非常重要，紧跟着的是我们的主语，“would be”和过去分词。这就是第三条件句。
So let"s look at some examples to help it sink in a little, right? Let"s do our third conditional checks first all right.
让我们看一些例子吧，以帮助大家稍微理解一下，好吗？首先让我们检查一下第三条件句的理解。
Are we talking about the past or the present here? It was in the past but did it actually happen?
我们在这里谈论的是过去还是现在呢？是过去，但是真的发生了吗？
No, you didn"t call so I didn"t come. I wish that I could change this because I"d love to come.
不是，你没打电话，所以我没来。我希望可以改变这件事情，因为我很想去。
If she had replied to my message, I wouldn"t have been so worried. So I"m kind of telling her off here right?
如果她回复了我的信息，我不会那么担心。所以，我有点点在斥责他的意思，对吗？
I"m a bit frustrated. Did she reply to my message?
我有点沮丧。她回复了我的留言吗？
But was I worried? Yeah.
但是我担心吗？是。
I wish that she had so that I didn"t have to worry, you know. If I had taken better care of myself, I wouldn"t have got sick.
我希望她那么做了，那么我就不用担心了。如果我能好好照顾自己，我就不会生病了。
So I"m expressing regret about the past here. I wish I"d taken better care of myself.
所以，我表达的是对于过去的悔恨。我希望我能更好地照顾自己。
Now you"ll remember from some of my other conditional lessons that we can actually use different modal verbs in the main clause. So we can replace "would have" with other modals like "might" and "could".
你可能会记得在我的其他的条件句课程里面，我说过我们的主句里面可以使用不同的模态词。所以我们就可以用其他的模态词，比如说“might”和“could”来代替“would have”。
So we use "might have" to show probability or certainty. If she"d studied more, she might have passed.
我们使用“might have”来表示可能性或确定性。如果她学得更多的话，她可能就可以通过了。
But she might have also failed again. We"re not sure.
但是她也有可能再次失败。我们并不确定。
We"re not certain, right? If we were certain about that imaginary result in the past, then we would use "would have".
我们不确定，对不对？如果我们对过去的虚构的结果很确定的话，那么我们就可以使用“would have”。
That"s more certain. Since we"re not exactly sure about what the result would have been, then using "might have" is probably the better option.
这里确定性更强。因为我们并不能确切地知道会是什么结果，所以使用“would have”可能是更好的选择。
Now we use "could have" to talk about possibility and ability. If you had lent me your car, I could have got there faster.
我们用“could have”来谈论可能性和能力。如果你借给我你的车的话，我本可以更快到达。
Now I"m not promising that I absolutely would have. I"m just saying that I would have been able to get there faster.
我不能保证会绝对做到这一点。我只是说我能够更快地到达那里。
You know, with a car I would have the ability to arrive sooner. So now that we"ve broken it down a little bit, how are you feeling about the third conditional?
你懂得，有了车我就有了更快到达的能力了。我们已经把它给分解了一点点了，现在你对第三条件句是什么感觉呢？
Hopefully, it was some good reminders from the other conditional lessons. And if you"re thinking something along the lines of if I"d seen this video earlier, I wouldn"t have been so confused.
希望这能够唤醒大家对于其他条件句课程的记忆。可能你在想：如果我之前就看过这个视频的话，那我肯定就不会这么困惑了。
Well, I must be doing something right. So now we"re going to put everything we just learned into practice with a little mini-quiz. My favourite!
好吧，我肯定在做正确的事情。现在我们要把我们学到的一切在应用在实践中，我给大家准备了一个迷你测试。我的最爱！
And I wonder if you"re gonna ace this little quiz or not. Let"s see.
我想知道你是否会接受这个小测试。让我们看看吧。
Okay for the quiz, I"m gonna give you a few past situations and I want you to use the information that I"m sharing to write a sentence using the third conditional. Make sure you check the structure.
好的，这个测试呢，我会告诉大家一些过去的情况，我希望大家使用我分享的这些信息，使用第三条件句造句。一定要检查一下这个结构哦。
Make sure you"re writing it accurately. So write your answers in the comments down below and I"ll come down and check how you"ve done very soon.
一定要确保写对了哦。请下面的评论中写下你的答案，我会下去检查，看看大家做得多快。
And make sure you think carefully about which modal verb is the right one to use. We"ll go through the first one together okay.
务必仔细考虑哪个模态词才是正确的。让我们一起来做第一个吧。
So here"s the situation. You had a job interview in the past but you didn"t prepare for it.
情况是这样的。你之前参加了工作面试，但是你还没有为此做好准备。
You didn"t get the job and now you kind of regret not preparing for it. You wish that you prepared more.
你没得到这份工作，现在你很后悔没有为此做好准备。你希望自己准备的更多一点。
So what"s a sentence that we can write here? If I had prepared more, then maybe the result would have been different.
那我们这里可以造一个什么句子呢？如果我准备得更充充分的话，也许结果会有所不同。
If I had prepared more, I might have got the job. So now it"s your turn.
如果我准备地更充分，我本可以得到这份工作的。现在到你了。
I"m gonna read out some of these situations. I want you to pause the video if you need to to write your sentence, think about the structure.
我会读出来其中的一些情况。如果需要的话，我希望你可以暂停视频，写出你的句子，考虑一下结构。
Clearly try and get that third conditional sentence right. Here we go. Situation number one.
要试着去把第三条件句给用对。开始了。第一种情况。
Your friend was in trouble, they needed help. You had the ability to help but he never told you that he was in trouble.
你的朋友遇到了麻烦，他们需要帮助。你有能力帮忙，但他从未告诉过你他遇到麻烦了。
Situation two. You showed up at a dinner party empty-handed.
情况二。你空手去参加晚宴。
Everyone else had bought a dish to the party. You wish that you had brought something but you didn"t know that you"re supposed to.
每个人都为聚会准备了一道菜。你希望你带了点东西，但是你并不知道你应该那么做。
Situation three. He was talking on the phone while driving.
情况三。他一边开车一边电话聊天。
He got pulled over by the police. He got a huge fine.
他被警察拦住了。他收到了巨额罚款。
Now he regrets using his phone in the car. Situation four.
现在他很后悔在汽车上打电话。情况四。
Sarah went on a hike. She didn"t bring a rain jacket.
莎拉去远足了。她没有带雨衣。
It started raining. And now Sarah"s upset because she got really wet.
开始下雨了。现在莎拉很难过，因为她淋成了落汤鸡。
Awesome work, guys! I know that conditionals can be a little overwhelming because of the subtle differences between all of the different types of conditionals but also the significant differences in meaning.
太棒了，同学们！我知道条件句可能有点难，由于所有不同类型的条件句之间的差异非常细微，但是但在意义上却有显着差异。
So hopefully with each of my conditional lessons, it"s becoming a little clearer. So if you"re enjoying this series, make sure you share this lesson, like the lesson, share it with anyone that you think will find it useful.
希望大家看完了我的条件句课程之后，头绪能够更加清晰一点。如果你喜欢这个系列的话，那就一定要分享本课，给这节课程点赞，如果你觉得有用的话那就和别人分享一下。
I"m sure there are plenty of other students out there who are just as frustrated with conditionals as you are. So once you"ve done that, come and check out these lessons right here so we can keep practising together.
我确定那里还有很多其他学生和你一样，对条件句的用法感到很丧气。大家完成之后，就去看看这些课程吧，这样我们就可以一起练习了。
I"ll see you soon!
再见！
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《Emma英语-115 语法课：第三条件句 Third Conditional Sentences》，同时在此感谢原作者。
