Asking questions in English is so important for conversation and meeting new people.
I"m Emma from mmmEnglish and in this lesson, I"m going to show you how to use question tags correctly.
无论是对于谈话还是和新人打交道而言，用英语提问都非常重要。
我是Emma，欢迎来到Emma的美味英语，在本节课程中，我会向大家展示如何正确使用反义疑问句。
Question tags are really short questions that are put onto the end of statements or regular sentences, so that they become questions.
He"s from Brazil, isn"t he?
反义疑问句是非常短的问题，置于陈述句或者是一般的句子之后，这个句子就变成了疑问句。
他来自巴西，是吧？
You"re hungry, aren"t you?
They can"t afford to buy a house, can they?
你饿了，对吗？
他们买不起房子，是吗？
Question tags are mostly used in spoken English and native English speakers use them all the time.
Now that you know about them, you will hear them all the time.
反义疑问句在英语口语中使用非常广泛，英语母语者一直会使用他们。
一旦你了解了它们，你就会一直听到它们。
Now, there"s lots of different types of question tags but one great piece of news is that the rules are kind of simple to learn.
There"s a couple of exceptions but generally the rules are pretty clear and simple.
有不同类型的反义疑问句，但是好消息是规则学起来非常简单。
当然也有一些例外，但是总的来说，这些规则都非常简单清晰。
So, let"s get started! So, what are question tags?
所以让我们开始吧！那什么是一般疑问句呢？
They are questions but they use a different structure to regular questions.
They"re a short question that we put on the end of a sentence or a statement.
它们是一些问题，但是它们和一般的问句结构不太一样。
它们是置于句末或者是陈述之后的短问题。
Here"s a regular question: "Are you coming to the party?"
Here"s a sentence: "You are coming to the party."
这是个一般疑问句：“你要去派对吗？
”这是个陈述句：“你要去派对。”
And here"s a question tag: "You are coming to the party, aren"t you?"
Suddenly, we"ve got a question!
这是反义疑问句：“你要对派对，是的吧？”
突然之间，我们就有了一个问题！
You"re coming to the party, aren"t you?
So let me show you how to use question tags.
你要去派对，是吧？
让我带大家看看如何使用反义疑问句吧。
It"s simple! You take a statement: "They are coming."
很简单的！先来一个陈述句：“他们马上就来了。”
And then you add your question tag: "aren"t they?"
So we have our subject, and auxiliary verb, and our main verb in our statement.
然后加上反义疑问：“是吗？”
我们的陈述句中有主语、助动词、助动词。
And in our question tag, we"ve also got our auxiliary verb.
We have a negative, we have "not".
在我们的反义疑问句中，也有一个助动词。
还有一个否定的not。
And we have a personal pronoun, which matches the subject.
Got it?
还有一个人称代词，和主语对应。
懂了吗？
You"ll see patterns between the main statement and the question tag.
You"ll see that the subject needs to match the pronoun.
你可以看到主句和句尾疑问之间的结构。
你可以看到主语需要和代词匹配。
The auxiliary verbs need to be the same.
Now, in this example the statement is positive.
助动词要保持一致。好的，在这个例子中，陈述句是肯定的。
But if we change our statement to a negative, watch what happens to the question tag.
You aren"t coming to the party, are you?
但是如果我们换成否定句的话，看看疑问句尾有什么改变吧。
你不来派对，是吗？
We have the subject, an auxiliary verb, the negative not, and our main verb.
Then is the question tag, we have our auxiliary verb and our personal pronoun that matches the subject.
我们有主语，助动词，否定词not，还有主动词。
然后就是句末疑问，由助动词和与主语对应的人称代词对应。
So, see that the statement and the questions tag need to be opposites.
If the statement is positive then the question tag is negative.
看到了吧，主句和反义疑问是相反的。
如果主句是肯定句的话，反义疑问就是否定的。
If the statement"s negative then the question tag is positive!
So, pay attention to the statement you need to know if it"s positive or negative in order to make your question tag correctly.
如果主句是否定句的话，反义疑问就是肯定的。
所以一定要注意主句，你需要知道它是肯定的还是否定的，这样才能正确使用反义疑问。
You haven"t been to Melbourne, have you?
You don"t like football, do you?
你没去过墨尔本，对吧？
你不喜欢足球，对吧？
Next! If your statement has a modal verb, like will or should or could or can, then it follows the same pattern.
The modal verb needs to be in the question tag!
下一步！如果你的陈述句里面有一个情态动词的话，比如说will，should，could或者是can，还是遵循同样的结构。
情态动词需要出现在反义疑问中。
Your brother can help us, can"t he? We shouldn"t be doing this, should we?
你哥哥能帮助我们，对吧？我们不应该这么做，对吧？
Now, if the main verb is do or be or have and notice that these are all verbs that can also be auxiliary verbs.
But if they"re in a sentence as a main verb then they can be used in the question tag.
如果主动词是do或者是be，或者是have的话，注意这都是动词，也都是助动词。
但是如果它们在句子中充当主动词的话，它们就可以被用在反义疑问中。
You are hungry, aren"t you? You aren"t hungry, are you?
你饿了，对吧?你没饿，对吧？
That"s your brother, isn"t it? That"s not your brother, is it?
那是你哥哥，是吧？那不是你哥哥，对吗？
But there are a couple of rules to remember when you"re using question tag with these verbs. Let"s start with "do".
但是当你使用附加疑问部分的时候，有一些规则需要记住。让我们从do开始吧。
So, in positive English sentences, often we leave "do" out.
We don"t use it, we don"t include it in our sentence.
在英语肯定句中，我们一般会把do给省略掉。
我们不会用它，不会把它包含在我们的句子当中。
It"s not common to say "I do like playing football."
I would just say "I like playing football."
说“我确实踢足球”并不是很常见。
我会倾向于只说“我喜欢踢足球。”
So, what does that mean for your question tag?
Well, you have to pretend that it"s there!
所以，这对反义疑问句而言意味着什么呢？
你需要假装这里有一个！
I like to play football, don"t I?
She does cook on Tuesday nights.
我喜欢踢足球，对吧？
她在周二晚上会烹饪。
So, we would really say, "she cooks on Tuesday nights." and our question tag would be "She cooks on Tuesday nights, doesn"t she?"
There"s also an important rule to remember about the "be" verb as well.
所以，我们说的是“她在周二晚上烹饪”，我们的反义疑问句就变成了“她在周二晚上烹饪，对吧？”
还有一条关于“be”重要的规则要记住。
Let"s look at this statement: I am flying to London tomorrow.
Now, if we were to try to make a question tag out of this statement, then naturally you would say "I"m flying to London tomorrow, amn"t I?"
让我们来看看这个陈述句：我明天要飞去伦敦。
如果我们要把这个句子变成反义疑问句的话，你会自然而然地说：“我明天要飞去伦敦，对吧？”
You take the auxiliary verb from the main statement and move it to the question tag.
But this is WRONG!
找到主句的助动词，然后把它给移动到反义疑问句里面。但是这个并不对 ！
Don"t ask questions about this rule, it doesn"t make any sense!
But when you have the "be" verb with the subject "I" in the statement, then in the question tag, you need to use "are".
不要问这个规则的问题，这毫无意义！
但是“be”动词和主语“I”一起在主句中出现的话，在反义疑问句中需要使用“are”。
So, for this example, you would say "I"m flying to London tomorrow, aren"t I?"
Now let"s practice a few question tags together.
比如说这个例子，你说的就是“我要飞去伦敦，是吧？”现在让我们来一起练习几个反义疑问句吧。
I want you to do the work now.
So, I want you to complete the sentences with a question tag.
我想要大家现在就开始。
我想要大家做的就是完成这些句子的反义疑问句形式。
I am running late, aren"t I?
He doesn"t usually ride his bike to work, does he?
我迟到了，对吧？他一般不会骑自行车去上班，对吧？
You"ve been living here for two years, haven"t you?
He wouldn"t go there on the weekend though, would he?
你在这里住了两年了，是吧？
但是他周末都不会来，对吧？
I haven"t got much money left, have I?
We need to leave by 5 o"clock, don"t we?
我没什么钱剩下了，对吧？我们需要在五点出发，对吧？
We do need to leave by 5 o"clock.
She should have finished by now, shouldn"t she?
我们需要在五点出发。
她现在应该已经完成了，对吧？
Nice work! I bet you do really well then.
很棒！相信大家都做的很棒。
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希望大家喜欢本节课程，如果你喜欢的话，记得一定要订阅我的频道哦。
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Thanks for watching and I will see you in the next lesson!
Bye for now!
感谢观看，下节课见！
再见啦！
