Hello.
大家好。
Welcome back to engVid.
欢迎回到"engVid"。
Today we have a writing lesson for you to transform your writing so that it becomes richer and more interesting to read.
今天我准备了一堂写作课，教大家彻底改变写作模式，让你们的写作变得更丰富、更具有可读性。
Okay.
行不。
What are we talking about?
那我们聊点什么呢？
We"re talking about personification today.
今天我们就聊聊人格化。
"Personification", let"s just write it, there.
"人格化"，不妨把它写下来。
"Person", "fication" - that suffix means making into.
"人"，"格"—这个后缀表示变成。
So, we"re making into a person an object or a non-human thing.
我们把一个人变成了一个物体或者一个非人类的东西。
For example: "The car.
例如："车。
The car screamed around the corner".
小汽车在转弯处发出噪声。"
If I say: "The car screamed", I"m exaggerating the noise of the car.
如果我说："小汽车轰隆隆"，表示我在夸大汽车的噪音。
It"s obviously got a very powerful engine; slightly antisocial.
显然说明它有一个非常强劲的引擎；有点反社会。
Okay?
懂了吗？
"The car screamed around the corner".
"小汽车在转弯处发出噪声。"
It exaggerates how much of a hurry this car is in.
它更强调这辆车的匆忙驶过。
"The sun".
"太阳。"
Okay?
懂了么？
Which one of these words do you think would go with "sun"?
你认为哪一个单词会跟"太阳"用在一起？
Would the sun watch?
是看太阳吗？
Not really.
不是的。
So, it"s either going to be a nice feeling, the sun - it"s warming us; or it"s too hot, in which case it"s going to be slightly unpleasant.
它要么会是一种美好的感觉，太阳—它正在温暖我们；要么说它太热了，在这种情况下，就没那么好了。
"The sun sat. . .
"太阳矗立在......
Sat up in the sky"?
天空之中"？
Possibly.
可能吧。
"The sun spat" - no, that sounds more like rain than sunshine to me.
"太阳吐出"—不，这听上去更像是下雨，而不是阳光洒在我身上的感觉。
What about "glared"?
用"凝视"呢？
Okay?
行吗？
It"s looking and it"s quite harmful, these rays.
发出的光非常有害，尤其是这些射线。
"The sun glared out.
"太阳发出耀眼的光芒。
The sun glared out, shining its harmful UV rays into the person"s skin".
太阳发出耀眼的光芒，把有害的紫外线照射到人的皮肤上。"
Right.
没错。
"The house".
"房子"。
The house can either: "spit", "sit", or "watch".
房子可以用这些单词形容："吐出"，"坐"，或"看"。
What should we go for?
我们该做点什么呢？
"The house spat out"?
"房子吐了出来"？
No.
错。
"The nightclub spat out the drunk", but I don"t think we"re going to have a house spitting.
"夜总会冒出来个醉汉"，但我不认为我们会把房子吐出来。
It may be sitting, though.
不过可以用"坐"。
"The house was perched; the house was sat on the top of the hill from which there was a fantastic view".
"那座房子就坐落在那座小山的山顶上那儿有绝妙的景色。"
"The clock", "watched".
"钟表"，"看"。
"The clock", "the clock".
"表"，"表"。
Let"s go for the ones that"s easiest first; it"s always a good exam technique - you go
让我们先从那些最简单的开始，它一直都是一种很不错的考试技巧—从哪儿
what"s. . .
开始呢......
Through what"s easier first.
先从简单的开始说。
"The washing machine spat out the dirty clothes at the end of the cycle".
"洗衣机在一次循环后吐出了脏衣服。"
A "cycle" is a complete sort of revolution; it"s a complete trip in the washing machine.
"循环"是一次完整的旋转；在洗衣机里经过了完整的旅程。
A trip in the washing machine?
在洗衣机里的旅程？
You know what I mean.
你知道我要说什么。
It"s when the clothes go in and it finishes.
表示把衣服放进去到洗完的全过程。
That means we have: "The clock" and "watched".
表示我们有："表"还有"看"。
"The clock watched the inhabitants of the house mournfully".
"表悲伤地注视着房子里的居民。"
Okay?
懂了吗？
"Mournfully" - an adverb to express sadness.
"悲伤地"—表示悲伤的副词形式。
So, what are we doing here?
我们在这能做点什么呢？
What we"re doing is we"re bringing to life these objects.
我们要做的就是让这些物体复活。
They"re kind of turning into characters.
把它们变成各种角色。
We don"t say: "he" or "she" for objects, like you do in other languages, but we can use personification to describe and give things more of a quality.
我们不会用"he"或"her"来表示物体，就像你在其它语言中的用法那样，但我们可以使用拟人化来描述和赋予事物更多的品质。
Let"s have another go: "The washing machine _________ my change".
再看下一个："洗衣机_________我的零钱"。
Okay?
懂了吗？
So, a vending machine is something, you know, you put a coin in, get a can of Coke or get a chocolate bar, or something healthier.
自动售货机就是一个物件，你知道的，你投一枚硬币，就能买到一罐可乐或者一块巧克力棒，或者其它更健康的东西。
Right?
对吧？
I"ve put some money into the vending machine, and it"s taken that money and not given me a can of Coke.
我把钱投进了自动售货机，它拿走了我的钱但并没给我可乐。
So, obviously that"s quite annoying, so I want to turn this vending machine into an annoying person.
很明显这很讨厌，所以我想把这台自动售货机变成一个讨厌的人。
Okay?
懂了吗？
So, what"s going to be an annoying action?
什么才会是一个恼人的行为呢？
I need to describe the swallowing of my change.
我需要描述一下我的零钱是如何被吞的。
That"s something a human could do; a human swallows.
这是人类可以做的事；人类的吞咽。
Let"s have that kind of idea, but I"m going to use: "gobbled up".
我们还会有这样的想法，但我要用："吞噬"。
"The vending machine gobbled up my change".
"自动售货机吞噬了我的零钱。"
Nasty vending machine.
恶心的自动售货机。
Then what"s it going to do?
那它能做什么呢？
"It. . ." "
"它......
Hmm.
是的。
"It _________ at me as if it had not done anything wrong".
"它对我_________，好像它并没有做错什么。"
Okay?
懂了吗？
So, I don"t know about you, but when I"m a teacher and I look out to my class and I catch someone doing something they shouldn"t do, and they"ll often go: "Mm, no.
我不知道你怎么样，但当我是一名老师时，我看着我的班级，我抓住了某个人做了不该做的事，他们总会说："不。
I haven"t done anything wrong".
我没做错事。"
Okay?
懂了吗？
It"s the same with this vending machine.
这意思与这台自动售货机一样。
We"re trying to turn them into a human being.
我们尝试把它们拟人化。
"It stared at me as if it had not done anything".
"它盯着我看，好像什么也没做过似的。"
Obviously, the vending machine doesn"t eyes. . .
很明显，自动售货机没有眼睛......
Doesn"t have eyes, but we"re giving it a human characteristic.
虽然没有眼睛，但我们给它赋予了人格。
I"ve got four examples, here, that I would like you to have a go at.
我这有四个例子，我想让大家也试一试。
So, first of all: "shoe".
第一个："鞋子"。
You"re going to have to give this shoe either a good quality or a bad quality.
不管质量好坏，你都得给我这只鞋子。
So, think: "Is this a nice shoe?
想一想："这是一只好鞋子吗？
What kind of thing is the shoe doing"?
这样的鞋能做什么呢？"
You"re trying to give it an action.
你想给它赋予一个行为动作。
Okay?
懂了吗？
So, what is the shoe doing?
鞋能做什么呢？
Is it doing something nice or doing something annoying?
它能让你欢喜让你忧吗？
You"re going to be doing the same with the "hoover".
同样你也可以用在"吸尘器"上。
Okay?
懂了吗？
"Hoover" - vacuum cleaner.
"吸尘器"—真空吸尘器。
"Hoover" is quite an English word for "vacuum cleaner".
"吸尘器"是一个表示"真空吸尘器"相当好的单词。
What"s the hoover doing?
吸尘器在干什么呢？
Think about the sound it might make.
想象一下它发出的声音。
Think about the size of it.
想象一下它的外形。
A "letter".
一封"信函"。
Is it a good letter or a bad letter?
是一封好的信函还是一封坏的呢？
Therefore, when it comes through the post box, what kind of action is it going to be doing?
因此，当它被投入到邮箱时，会是一个什么样的动作呢？
"Key".
"钥匙"。
Does the key work or not?
钥匙能不能用呢？
I"m going to give you 35 seconds to give this a go.
我给大家35秒时间去试一试。
So, you need a piece of paper and you need a pen.
你需要一张纸和一支笔。
I want you to create four sentences using personification right now, and then we"ll flip the board over and I"ll show you what I did earlier.
现在，我想让大家利用拟人化造句，我们把黑板翻过来，我给大家看看刚才都做了什么。
Right.
好的。
I hope you came up with something good.
我希望你能想出个好办法。
I hope you used your imagination.
我希望你能发挥你的想象力。
I hope you gave the shoe, the hoover, the letter, the key a human characteristic and you kind of brought them to life like they are characters in your story.
我希望你赋予了鞋、吸尘器、信函、钥匙一个人格特征，你让它们活了过来就像你故事里的人物一样。
Okay.
好吧。
My example is: "The new shoe bit into his tired feet, causing him agony".
我的例子是："这双新鞋咬破了他疲惫的双脚，使他痛苦不堪。"
So, it"s like I"m making the shoe a shark, going: "Ar, ar, ar".
我把这只鞋当成鲨鱼一样，说："啊，啊"。
Okay?
懂么？
It"s like a, kind of, a nasty, aggressive dog.
就像一只让人讨厌的恶狗一样。
"Bit": "Ar". ". . . bite into his tired feet, causing him agony". ". . . . . .
"咬"："啊"。咬他疲惫的双脚，让他痛苦"。
"Agony" is pain.
"痛苦"是一种病。
Just write that, there.
就这样写。
Second example: "The hoover roared", okay?
第二个例子："吸尘器在咆哮"，行不？
So, I know that"s not a human action or a sound; it"s actually what a lion does, but it"s still bringing a non-human object into life.
我知道它不能做人类的动作或发出人类的声音；它只是像狮吼那样，但还是能给一个物体赋予生命。
"The hoover roared into life".
"吸尘器像人一样咆哮着"。
Okay?
懂了么？
So, it. . .
它......
Someone turned. . .
某人旋动......
Pressed the "On" button.
按了开关键。
It"s much more interesting than saying: "Someone turned the hoover on".
比"某人打开了吸尘器"这样说更有趣。
Yeah?
对吧？
"It roared into life". ". . . domineering", this means sort of. . . ". . . . . .
"它咆哮着"。很霸道"，表示某种......
That"s an informal word; "bossing".
这是一个非正式的单词；"指使"。
Okay?
懂了吗？
"The hoover roared into life, domineering the room"-dominating the room, becoming the center of attention in the room-"like a proud king".
"吸尘器咆哮着，在房间里横行霸道的"—充斥着房间，把它变成了整个房间里注意力的中心—"就像一位傲慢的国王"。
And here I"ve used a simile.
这里我用了一个比喻。
For more advice on how to do similes, check out Gill"s video on similes.
欲了解更多关于如何做比喻的建议，请浏览Gill关于比喻方面的视频。
"The hoover roared into life, domineering the room like a proud king".
"吸尘器咆哮着，像一位傲慢的国王一样在房间里横行霸道。"
Okay?
懂了吗？
So, we"ve got personification and a simile there.
我们有人格化和一个比喻在里边。
Third option: "The letter flew through the post box".
第三个："这封信飞进了邮筒。"
Can letters fly?
信函能飞吗？
No, but I"m making them sound like a bird; and by doing so, I imagine the letter going through the post box, and going: "Whew, whew, whew, whew".
不能，但我让它们听上去像一只鸟一样；这样做，我就能想象这封信如何进入邮筒的了，并叫着："叽叽叽叽"。
It just helps me imagine it more-okay? -by using personification.
它只是帮助我进行想象而已—懂了吗？—通过拟人化。
Fourth example: "The key, determined to annoy the driver, refused to open the door".
第四个例子："这把钥匙决意要惹恼司机，拒绝给他开门。"
Okay.
懂了吧。
So, we"ve got two verbs, here.
我们用了两个动词。
"Determined".
"决意"。
He was determined.
他决定了。
The key was determined.
钥匙决定了。
This is actually the sub clause-okay? -because the sentence would make sense without it there.
实际上这是个从句—懂了吗？—因为如果没有它，这个句子就变成别的含义了。
I could just say: "The key refused to open the door", but I"m putting in a little bit of extra information; I"m putting in that sub clause.
我可以说："钥匙不肯开门"，但我加了一点额外的信息；我附加了一条。
"Determined" - it"s like saying that the key has got a brain; the key can make decisions.
"决意"—就像说钥匙有脑子一样，钥匙可以做决定。
Obviously it can"t.
很明显它不能。
"The key, determined to annoy the driver,"-the person trying to drive the car-"refused to open the door".
"钥匙，下定决心要惹恼司机，"—那个想开车的人—"拒绝给他开门"。
Better than saying: "The key didn"t work".
比说成"钥匙不好使了"要好。
Okay?
懂了吗？
Hope you"ve enjoyed.
希望你们会喜欢本节课。
What are you going to remember from today"s lesson?
从今天的课程中你们要记住什么呢？
That you can take objects and you can kind of bring them to life by describing what they do, and making it as if they are making decisions.
你可以将物体通过各式的描述来赋予它们生命，让它们能做出决定。
Don"t do it all the time, but if you"re writing a story, try to get a couple of uses of personification in there.
不要总是这么做，但是如果你在写一篇报道，可以试着做几个拟人化的用法。
Until next time, stay well.
下次见，祝好。
