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Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy.
大家好，欢迎回到跟Lucy学英语。
Do you ever feel confused, when you hear or see phrases like gimme, hafta, lotsa, sorta, typa, frunna, what do these all mean?
你是否曾经在听到或看到像gimme，hafta，lotsa，sorta，typa，frunna这样的词时感到困惑，不知道它们的意思？
Well, they are quite a few to learn, they are reductions, or reduced words, and you do need to know these words, in order to understand natural conversation and you might want to use these words if you want to sound more like a native speaker when you talk.
嗯，这可有得学咯，它们是缩写，或者说缩略词，而且为了理解自然对话你确实需要了解这些词，而且如果你想让自己说话时听上去更像一个母语者，你可能会想要使用这些词。
Before we get started, I would just like to thank the sponsor of today"s video, it is Skill Share.
在我们开始今天的课程之前，我想要感谢今天视频的赞助商，那就是Skill Share。
Skill Share is an online learning community, with classes designed for real life.
Skill Share是一个在线学习社区，拥有为真实生活而设计的课程。
So you can move forward with your learning journey without putting your life on hold.
这样你就可以在不保持自己生活的情况下持续自己的学习旅程。
You can learn and grow with short classes that fit around your busy routine.
你可以跟短期课程学习进步，它们能够跟你繁忙的日程相适应。
They offer lots of language-related classes which I know you"ll love.
他们还提供许多与语言相关的课程，我知道你们会喜欢的。
Things like grammar and vocabulary, but also more specific things like customer service and interview preparation.
除了有像语法和词汇之类的内容，还有像客服和面试准备这样的内容。
But they also have many other classes that will assist you on your creative journey, or help you starting a new business.
但他们还有许多其他能够帮助你的创意之旅或帮助你开拓新事业的课程。
Classes on logo design, web development, productivity, just to name a few.
比如图标设计、网络开发、生产，挂一漏万。
I"m doing a class on iPhone photography, by the teacher Dell McManus, because I want to up my Instagram game.
我正在上Dale McManus老师讲的iPhone摄影课，因为我想让我的INS更受欢迎。
I use a lot of photographers, but I know that my phone has so much potential, and I want to harness that.
我用过很多摄影师，但是我知道我的手机有很大的潜力，而且我想要利用。
He covers so many topics that I"ve never even considered before like dead space, and the rule of thirds.
他讲到了很多我以前从来没有想过的话题，比如死亡空间，以及三分之一构图法。
Skill Share is also incredibly affordable, especially when compared to expensive in-person workshops or classes.
Skillshare的价格也非常划算，特别是跟昂贵的个人工作室或课程相比。
An annual subscription is less than 10 dollars, per month.
每年的订阅费用平摊到每个月不到10美元。
And I will let you know that the first 500 of my subscribers to click the link in the subscription box will get a two month free trial of premium memberships.
而且我要说的是，前500名点击描述栏里的链接的人会获得为期两个月的免费高级会员试用。
You can all go and explore your creativity.
所有人都可以去探索自己的创造力。
Right, let"s get started with the lesson.
好的，我们开始上课吧。
So reductions, what are they?
所以什么是缩写呢？
They are reduced forms of words.
它们是单词的缩略形式。
Normally two words, occasionally three words.
通常是两个单词的缩写，有时是三个单词的缩写。
For example, the reduction, gimme, is actually give plus me.
比如gimme这个缩写，事实上就是give加上me。
Gimme.
给我。
For example, gimme that pen.
例如给我那支笔。
Gimme that pen.
给我那支笔。
Give me that pen.
给我那支笔。
You will find that there are some commonly used words that are often included in reductions.
你会发现有些词经常会出现在缩写中。
Me being one of them.
Me就是其中一个。
Another example of reduction including me, is lemme.
另一个缩写的例子就是lemme。
Lemme.
Lemme。
For example, lemme come with you.
例如，让我和你一起走吧。
Lemme come with you.
让我和你一起走吧。
Let me come with you.
让我和你一起走吧。
Now you must never use these in formal situations, or formal writing tasks, especially don"t use these in exams, unless you are specifically asked to use reductions or slang language.
你绝对不能在正式场合，或正式写作任务，尤其是不要在考试中使用使用这些词，除非你被特别要求使用缩写或俚语。
I would say that the most important part of this, is that you understand them so that if a native speaker uses one with you, you can understand and respond, but if you are looking to sound like a native speaker, then you might want to practise these.
我要说的是，最重要的一点就是当母语者对你用了缩写的时候你能够理解，并且作出回应，但是如果你想要像母语者一样说话，那么你可能需要练习使用它们。
Now let"s move on to the second set of reductions which is what plus is plus word.
现在我们来讲第二组缩写，那就是what加上is加上任意单词。
The first one is, what is up.
第一个就是，怎么回事。
What is up?
怎么回事？
What do we say?
我们怎么说呢？
We say wassup.
我们说wassup。
Wassup.
怎么回事。
Wassup with that?
那个怎么回事？
Wassup with that?
那个怎么回事？
What is up with that?
那个怎么回事？
Another one is what is her, what is her?
另一个是，她的......是什么？
We reduce this to whatser, whatser.
我们会缩略成whatser，whatser。
For example, whatser name again?
比如，她叫什么来着？
What"s her name again?
她叫什么来着？
That is something that I would genuinely say, in an informal situation, however it would be unlikely to write this down.
我真的会在非正式情况下这样说，但是我不太可能把它写下来。
I would just use this in spoken informal speech.
我只会在非正式演讲中使用它。
Spoken speech, obviously.
很显然是口语。
The masculine form of this, whatsis.
这个表达的男性说法就是，whatsis。
Whatsis.
Whatsis。
What is his?
他的......是什么？
Whatsis phone number?
他的电话号码是多少？
Whatsis phone number?
他的电话号码是多少？
What is his phone number?
他的电话号码是多少？
Again, I wouldn"t write whatsis down, but I would say it.
说一遍，我不会把whatsis写下来，但是我会这么说。
Right onto the third group of reductions, we have word plus have.
现在来说第三组缩写，任意单词加上have。
Word plus have.
任意单词加上have。
The first one is could plus have, coulda, coulda.
第一个是could加上have，那就是coulda，coulda。
So instead of saying could of, we can say coulda.
所以我们不说could of，我们可以说coulda。
You coulda told me that yesterday.
你本可以昨天告诉我那件事的。
We also have might have, which reduces to mighta, mighta.
我们还可以说might have，可以缩写成mighta，mighta。
She mighta gone to the bank today.
她今天可能去了银行。
She mighta gone to the bank today.
她今天可能去了银行。
We also have must have, which reduces to musta.
我们还有must have，缩写成musta。
Musta.
Musta.
She musta taken the train.
她肯定坐了那辆火车。
She musta taken the train.
她肯定坐了那辆火车。
And we have, should have, which reduces to shoulda.
我们还有should have，缩写成shoulda。
I did a video on shoulda, woulda, coulda, you should know about this.
我有一个关于shoulda，woulda，coulda的视频，在你们应该知道。
I will link it down below or up in the sky somewhere, if you want to watch that video, because this is seriously important.
如果你们想看那个视频的话，我会在下面放上链接，或者在上面的某处，因为这个真的很重要。
People need to learn how to use, shoulda, woulda, and coulda.
人们需要学会如何使用shoulda，woulda，and coulda。
Natives and non-natives alike.
不管是不是母语者都一样。
An example for shoulda, shoulda done something.
一个使用shoulda的例子，本应该做某事。
You shoulda done something.
你本应该做某事。
And the last one, would have, woulda, woulda.
最后一个是would have，缩写成would，awoulda。
I woulda gone, I woulda gone, but I was ill.
我本来要走的，我本来要走的，但是我生病了。
I woulda gone, but I was ill.
我本来要走的，但是我生病了。
Now the next group of reductions is word plus to.
下一组缩写是任意单词加上to。
Word plus to.
任意单词加上to。
This next one is one you will hear so frequently, it is going plus to, is gonna.
下面要讲的这个你应该会经常听到，那就是going加to，变成gonna。
I actually did, back in the day, a whole video on just wanna, and gonna, and people found it really useful so I"m hoping this video is really going to enlighten a lot of you, but yes, gonna is a reduction that we use, all the time.
事实上我之前做过一个视频专门讲解wanna和gonna，而且大家发现它真的很有用，所以我希望这个视频能够启发你们，但是没错，gonna是我们总在使用的缩写。
I"m gonna go to the shops, do you want anything?
我要去商店，你想要什么吗？
I"m gonna go to the shops, do you want anything?
我要去商店，你想要什么吗？
I really wouldn"t say, "I"m going to to go the shops, do you want anything?"
我真的不会说：“I"m going to to go the shops，do you want anything？”
I would say, "I"m gonna go to the shops, I"m gonna go"
我会说：“I"m gonna go to the shops，I"m gonna go”。
It"s much easier.
这个简单得多。
Another really common one, got plus to, got to.
另一个很常见的缩写，got加上to，got to。
This changes to gotta, gotta.
它会变成gotta，gotta。
I gotta go, I gotta go.
我得走了，我得走了。
Notice that I"m not saying, I got to go, I got to go, I"m saying, "I gotta".
注意我说的不是“I got to go”，“I got to go”，我说的是“I gotta”。
I"m almost saying it with a D sound.
我说的时候差不多发成了d的音。
I gotta go, gotta go.
我得走了，得走了。
Now what will we say for have plus to?
我们会怎么说have加上to呢？
Have to, have to.
Have to，have to。
We would say, hafta, hafta.
我们会说hafta，hafta。
So we change that V sound to a F sound and then shwa at the end.
所以我们把v的音变成了f的音，然后在最后加上中元音。
Hafta.
Hafta。
Oh my god, you hafta meet him.
哦，天哪，你必须见他。
You haft meet him.
你必须见他。
And what about has plus to?
那么has加上to呢？
Has to, has to.
Has to，has to。
Well, it changes to hasta.
嗯，它会变成hasta。
Hasta.
Hasta。
Now a lot of non-native speakers will find it quite hard to say the Z sound in front to the T sound.
很多非母语着会发现很难说在t的音前面发出z的音。
Hasta, hasta.
Hasta，hasta。
That"s quite a hard combination, because Z is voiced and T is unvoiced, so even native speakers will change it to hasta, hasta.
这是个很难的组合音，因为z是浊辅音，而t是清辅音，所以即使是母语者也会把它变成hasta，hasta。
She hasta believe him.
她必须相信他。
She hasta believe him.
她必须相信他。
Another one, ought and to, ought to, this changes to oughta.
另一个，ought加上to，ought to，这个会变成oughta。
Oughta.
Oughta。
You oughta call in sick.
你应该打电话请病假。
You oughta call in sick.
你应该打电话请病假。
Now this is more common in American English.
这个在美式英语中更常见。
They say oughta, oughta and then, sorry my American accent really needs some work.
他们说oughta，oughta，很抱歉我的美国口音真的需要好好练一练了。
It just, the combination of vowel and consonants sound is slightly easier, especially with their, the way they use D, instead of T oughta, oughta, but we say oughta, oughta and it sounds almost too posh.
它就是，元音和辅音的组合稍微容易一些，尤其是他们说d的方法，所以他们不用t的音说oughta，oughta，但是我们会说oughta，oughta，而这样听起来太考究了。
So maybe this one isn"t as commonly used in British English, but I think you ought to know about it, anyway.
也许这个在英式英语中不常见，但是不管怎样我认为你们应该知道。
See what I did there.
看看我说了什么。
And then the last one, a really really common one, again I have explained before, it is, want to, want to, this is wanna, wanna.
最后一个，真的很常见，同样的，我之前也讲解过，那就是，want to，want to，它缩写成wanna，wanna。
And in a third person singular it"s wansta, wansta.
而且在第三人称单数里，它是wansta，wansta。
A lot of teachers forget about this one and student"s get really really confused, and say, she wanna, when it should be she wansta.
很多老师忘记了说这一点，而学生们很困惑，他们会说she wanna，但是应该是she wansta。
I want to go to the cinema, she wansta to come with me.
我想去看电影，她想跟我一起去。
She wanna come with me, is used, in a slang way, but if you want to speak proper slang English, then you should say, wansta.
在俚语中可以说“She wanna come with me”，但是如果你想得体地使用俚语，那么你应该说wansta。
It sounds more grammatically correct because it"s accounting for that third person singular.
这个从语法角度来说更正确，因为是第三人称单数。
Now the next group of reductions is word plus of, these are really common.
下一组缩写是任意单词加上of，这些真的很常见。
So make sure you listen to this part, because a lot of them aren"t as obvious as the previous group.
所以请认为听这部分，因为它们中很多不像之前那组那么明显。
The first one is kind of, kind of.
第一个就是kind of，kind of。
We reduce this to kinda, kinda.
我们把它缩写成kinda，kinda。
I kinda like it.
我有点喜欢它。
I kinda like it.
我有点喜欢它。
This one I use all the time, I rarely say kind of, I really often say, kinda.
我总是这么说，我很少说kind of，我真的常说kinda。
It also works with the plural of kind, kinds of, this makes, kindsa.
它也同样适用于kind的复数形式，kinds of，它缩写成kindsa。
Kindsa.
Kindsa。
I"ve got loads of kinds of teas in my cupboard.
我的橱柜里有很多各种各样的茶。
I said, loadsa.
我刚刚说了loadsa。
This is loads of, loads of, loadsa.
这个就是loads of，loads of，loadsa。
I got loadsa kinds of tea in my cupboard.
我的橱柜里有很多各种各样的茶。
It also works for, lots of, lotsa, lotsa.
它同样适用于lots of，lotsa，lotsa。
There are lotsa people here.
这里有很多人。
There are lots of people here.
这里有很多人。
Also works for lot of, lot of.
同样适用于lot of，lot of。
This makes lotta.
它会变成lotta。
She"s had a lot of boyfriends.
她有很多男朋友。
She"s had a lot of boyfriends.
她有很多男朋友。
We also have, out of, which makes outta, outta.
我们还有out of，缩写形式是outta，outta。
I have to get outa here.
我必须离开这里。
I have to get outa here.
我必须离开这里。
So I"m using hafta and I"m also using outta, out of.
所以我在使用hafta，还有outta，out of。
We also have sort of, making sorta.
我们还有sort of，变成sorta。
What sorta chocolate"s that?
那是哪种巧克力？
What sorta chocolate"s that?
那是哪种巧克力？
And type of, making typa.
还有type of，变成typa。
It"s a typa dark chocolate.
这是一种黑巧克力。
It"s a type of dark chocolate.
这是一种黑巧克力，
And, a really weird one which we do use in spoken slang but not in written slang, really, it"s front of which makes frunna, fruana.
还有一个很奇怪的，我们确实会在口头俚语中用到，但是在书面俚语中不会用到，那就是front of，它变成frunna，frunna。
Park in frunna the house.
在房子前面停车。
Park in front of the house.
在房子前面停车。
Right, now we have a huge group of reductions, it is, word plus you.
现在我们还有一大组缩写，那就是任意单词加上you。
There are so many reductions here, most of them are commonly used, so it"s important that you know them.
这一组里有很多缩写，其中大多数是常用的，所以你们知道它们是很重要的。
The first one we have, is bet you, bet you.
第一个就是bet you，bet you。
This changes to betcha, betcha.
它会变成betcha，betcha。
So when we join a T sound and a sound, bet, you, we join it together as part of connected speech and we make a ta sound.
所以当我们加把t和放在一起，bet，you，我们会把它们连读成ta的音。
Betcha, betcha.
Betcha，betcha。
I betcha can"t guess how much that cost.
我敢打赌你猜不到那个要花多少钱。
I bet you can"t guess how much that cost.
我敢打赌你猜不到那个要花多少钱。
We also have, don"t you, making dontcha.
我们还有don"t you，变成dontha。
You might remember the Pussycat Dolls song, dontcha wish your girlfriend, I"m not going to sing it, just because it doesn"t compliment my voice.
你们可能还记得Pussycat Dolls的歌，你难道不希望你的女朋友，我不会唱的，因为我的声线跟这首歌不合。
Yeah, dontcha.
对，doncha。
Dontcha wish your girlfriend was hot like me?
你难道不希望你的女朋友像我一样性感吗？
And that"s my example.
这就是我的例句。
We also have, get you, which makes, getcha.
我们还有get you，变成getcha。
I"m gonna getcha next time I see ya.
下次见面的时候，我会扁你的。
I"m gonna getcha next time I see ya.
下次见面的时候，我会你的。
So we used, gonna, getcha.
所以我们用到了gonna，getcha。
To get someone means to, it"s like a threat to beat someone up.
Get在这里的意思是威胁要打某人。
And I also use the next one which is see you, which changes to seeya, seeya.
我还用到了下一个缩写，那就是see you，变成seeya，seeya。
Where are you? I can"t seeya.
你在哪里？我看不见你。
And we also have, got you, which reduces to gotcha, gotcha.
我们还有got you，缩写成gotcha，gotcha。
I gotha this for Christmas.
我这个圣诞节送你这个。
I got you this for Christmas.
我这个圣诞节送你这个。
Now, we don"t use the rest of this list in written English, this is just spoken slang, so please note that.
我们不会再书面英语中使用这一组中剩余的部分，仅限于口语，所以请注意。
We have how do you, which is, howdya, howdya.
我们有how do you，变成howdya，howdya。
Howdya like your coffee?
你觉得你的咖啡如何？
We also have, how did you in the past, there"s just a subtle difference here, we say how"dja, how"dja.
我们还过去时how did you，只有微妙的差异，我们说how"dja，how"dja。
How"dja do that?
你怎么做到的？
How"dja do that?
你怎么做到的？
We also have, how would you, which is normally how"dya, how"dya, there are really really subtle differences here.
我们还有how would you，通常会变成how"dya，how"dya，这里的差异真的很微妙。
How"dya do that?
你会怎么做？
How would you do that?
你会怎么做？
We also just have did you, which is, didja, didja.
我们还有did you，会变成didja，didja。
For example, didja go to the gym today?
比如，你今天去健身房了吗？
Didja go to the gym today?
你今天去健身房了吗？
We also have, what are you, which is whataya, whataya, sounds weird to say on its own, "cause it"s always included as part of a full sentence.
我们还有what are you，变成whataya，whataya，单独说很奇怪，因为它总是用在完成的句子里。
Whataya doing?
你在做什么？
What are you doing?
你在做什么？
Or what do you, which again, is whadaya.
或者what do you，同样地，变成whadaya。
Whadaya think you"re doing?
你以为你在做什么？
Whadaya think you"re doing?
你以为你在做什么？
We also have, want you, which changes to wantcha, wantcha.
我们还有want you，变成wantcha，wantcha。
I wantcha in my office right now.
我要你现在到我办公室来。
We have what did or do you, which is what"dja.
我们有did或者do you，变成 what"dja.
We have when did or do you, which is when"ja.
我们有when did或do you，变成when"ja。
We have where did, or do you, which is where"dya.
我们有where did或do you，变成where"ja。
We have who did or do you, which is who"dya.
我们有who did或do you，变成who"ja。
And we have why did or do you, which is why"dya.
我们有why did或do you，变成why"ja。
And would you reducing to wouldya.
还有would you，缩略成wouldya。
Wouldya do me a favour?
你能帮帮我吗？
Woud you do me a favour?
你能帮帮我吗？
The last example that we have, I"m sure you"ll know it, and if you don"t, I"m honoured to be the teacher who teaches it to you.
我们的最后一个例子，我确信你们知道这个，如果你们不知道，那么我很荣幸成为教会你们这个的老师。
It is don"t know, which is dunno, dunno.
那就是don"t know，变成dunno，dunno。
It can be spelt D-O-N-N-O or D-U-N-N-O.
它可以拼作D-O-N-N-O或D-U-N-N-O。
I think D-U-N-N-O is slightly more common and we don"t even have to say I in front of it.
我觉得D-U-N-N-O稍微更常用一些，而且我们甚至不用在它前面加上“我”。
Dunno, dunno.
不知道，不知道。
We can also say, I dunno, I dunno.
我们也可以说，我不知道，我不知道。
Right, that is the end of today"s lesson.
好了，今天的课程就到这里。
I hope you enjoyed it.
我希望你们喜欢。
I hope you learnt something.
我希望你们学到了东西。
I"ve given you a lot of information.
这节课信息量很大。
You do have some homework however, you can"t get away without homework.
不过你们确实有家庭作业，你们不能逃过家庭作业。
I would like you to write five sentences using new reductions that you"ve learnt.
我想要你们用学到的缩写写出五个句子。
If you"ve learnt something new in this lesson, please use them.
如果这节课你们学到了新知识，那么请使用它们。
I want to see very interesting sentences.
我想要看到很有趣的句子。
Try to make me laugh, because I don"t laugh a lot.
请努力让我发笑，因为我不怎么笑。
I live alone.
我一个人住。
Well, I do live with my fiance but we live on a farm.
好吧，我确实跟我未婚夫住一起，但是我们住在农场上。
I don"t see many people.
我们见不到什么人。
I don"t get many opportunities to laugh, so if you can make me laugh, you"re doing well.
我不怎么笑，所以如果你们能让我大笑，那么你们就很优秀了。
Right, don"t forget to check out Skill Share.
好的，别忘记查看Skill Share。
The first 500 people to click the link in my description box will get a two month free trial of premium membership.
前500名点击我描述栏中链接的人将获得为期两个月的免费高级会员试用。
That"s a great offer, so don"t miss out and don"t forget to connect with me on all of my social media.
这个是个大便宜，所以不要错过，还有不要忘记在我所有的社交媒体上联系我。
I"ve got my Facebook, my Instagram, my Twitter and my personal Lucy Bella Earl channel where I talk about everything that isn"t English, ie, my life.
我有脸书、INS、推特，还有我的个人频道Lucy Bella Earl，在那里我会谈论一切跟英语无关的东西，也就是我的生活。
I will see you soon for another lesson.
我们下节课再见。
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《mighta coulda 这些英式俚语中的缩略形式你会用吗》，同时在此感谢原作者。
