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学写作文前，我们应该明白什么是好的作文，我们才能知道要朝着什么方向努力。
怎样才是高分作文？
如果你第一反应就是要强调文章里词汇和语法的复杂性，那真的很抱歉，你一开始努力的方向就错了。
真正的绝妙好文是用词老练自然，洗净铅华，文章立意深远，坐照神机，读来大义微言，大繁若简，天然去雕饰。
奇怪的是，有的教材过度强调词汇和语法的复杂性，范文用词和语法搞得比雅思阅读文章还要难。很多学生以为这就是 9 分作文，顶礼膜拜。
早在2013年，我曾经发了一篇范文在网上，收到如下评论。
我就知道了考生们对高分作文的理解有误。
于是在一次公开课上，我在 PPT 上放了下面一篇文章，带着大家读了一遍：
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of
society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.
In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.
But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.
然后我说：这篇文章共263 个单词，最难的单词是 experience 和 co-operate；最后一段重复使用了 responsibility 这个词。语法也不复杂，最复杂的句子是第三段第二句，有从句的嵌套。这篇作文大家都读得懂，觉得很好模仿吧。那你们告诉我，打几分？
结果绝大多数学生打5～7 分之间，极少数打 9 分。我告诉他们，这篇文章来自《剑桥雅思 8》第163 页考官满分范文。
其实呢真正的9 分评分标准中，词汇根本没要求 less commonlexical items，语法也没要求 complex structures。而是要求wide（广泛）、natural（自然）、sophisticated（老练地道）、full flexibility（十分灵活）和 accuracy（准确）。
学写作，首先要正确认识什么样的文章是高分文章。一开始，你努力追求的目标和方向不能错。
不过我强调下，《剑桥雅思》中考官的文章，只可欣赏，不可模仿。大部分同学们照着7分标准去要求自己即可。
什么是7分作文？
我们从各个评分标准来看7分作文的要求：
Lexical Resource
同 6 分 的 词 汇 标 准 相 比，7 分 多 了 两 个 要 求：flexibility（灵活性）and precision（准确性）。
灵活性暗示我们在作文中要设置同义词替换。比如：第一段写了 developing countries，第二段就写 these nations，第三段写 poor regions。
准确性是指在该题目下贴切的、核心的词汇。比如政府话题中写出welfare（福利）一词；环保话题中写出 environmental-friendly（环保的）一词。
7 分和 6 分同时要求：要有 less common lexical items，不普通的、含义较深刻的词汇。比如用 undermine（v. 逐渐破坏）代替 damage；用 dilemma（n. 进退两难的困境）代替 problem。
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
7 分标准：使用多种多样的复合句(uses a variety of complex structures)。那么什么算得上多种多样呢？三种以上在英语中才能称得上 a variety of，所以我们的作文中要写出四种不同的从句。
真正看懂以上内容的考生可以自己给自己的习作打分，更多提分方法参考我的《雅思写作真经总纲》。
附上20个7分必备词组
1.improve people’s living standard 提升人们的生活水平
【例句】The global trade has improved people’s living standard.
全球贸易提升了人们的生活水平。
2.boost economic development 促进经济发展
【例句】Modern science and technologies largely boost economic development worldwide.
现代科技大大地促进了世界范围的经济发展。
3.keep pace with 并驾齐驱，跟上
【例句】Higher education must keep pace with the fast-paced development of modern science.
高等教育必须跟上现代科学的快速发展。
4.adapt to 适应
【例句】University graduates should learn to adjust and adapt to social environment.
大学毕业生要学会自我调节，适应社会环境。
5.enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够……
【例句】Listening to music will enable people to feel relaxed.
听音乐让人感到轻松。
6.provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供……
【例句】Watching TV and playing video games provide entertainment and pleasure for kids.
看电视和玩电子游戏给孩子们带来娱乐和快乐。
7.invest in 投资于
【例句】The governmentshould encourage companiesto invest in exploiting renewable energy.
政府应该鼓励公司去投资开发可再生能源。
8.rely on 依赖，依靠
【例句】Many regions of the world rely overly on the tourist industry to develop local economy.
世界上很多地区过度地依赖旅游业来发展地方经济。
9.make the most of 充分利用
【例句】We should make the most of new technology to improve productivity.
我们应该充分利用新技术来提高生产力。
10.relieve stress/burden 减轻压力
【例句】Regular exercise can relieve stress and reduce fatigue.
经常锻炼能减轻压力和缓解疲劳。
11.reach the balance between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间达到平衡
【例句】Nowadays, people must learn to reach a healthy balance between work and family time.
现在，人们必须学会在工作和家庭时间上达到一个健康的平衡。
12.distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B
【例句】Many youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.
许多青少年缺乏辨别是非的能力。
13.be involved in 参与
【例句】Every citizen should be involved in environmental protection.
每个公民都应该参与环境保护。
14.be filled with 充满了
【例句】The newspapers and television are filled with the detailed description of crimes.
报纸和电视上充满了对犯罪的细节描写。
15.be addicted to sth. 上瘾，沉迷于
【例句】Now many kids are addicted to playing online games.
现在许多孩子沉迷于网络游戏。
16.suffer from 遭受
【例句】Many employees suffer from mental illnesses due to keen competition in the modern workplace.
由于现代职场的激烈竞争，许多雇员遭受心理疾病。
17.stem from 起源于
【例句】Generally, most crimes stem from poor education and poverty.
总的来说，大部分犯罪起源于不良的教育和贫穷。
18.give priority to sth. 把……放在优先位置
【例句】The government should give top priority to meeting people’s basic needs,such as housing and medical care.
政府应该最先满足人们的基本需求，比如住房和医疗。
19.raise the public’s awareness of 提高公众的……意识
【例句】The government should raise the public’s awareness of conserving water.
政府应该提高公众节约用水的意识。
20.enact laws 颁布法令
【例句】The government should enact laws to protect endangered wild animals.
政府应该颁布法令保护濒危野生动物。
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《如果在短期内提高雅思写作？》，同时在此感谢原作者。
