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一.过去分词作定语常用来修饰名词或代词。
及物动词的过去分词既可以表示被动又可以表示完成;不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。
过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况
1)前置定语:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰词之前,但有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修饰词语的后面,如left(剩余的)
There is nothing left except some pie.除了一些馅饼外什么也没剩下。
This is a used stamp. 这是一张用过的邮票。(used表示被动和完成)
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.(fallen表示完成)
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余时间不多了,我们快点儿吧。
( left表示被动和完成)
2)后置定语:过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Is this the book recommended by the teacher?
= Is this the book which is recommended by the teacher?
这是老师推荐的那本书吗?
(recommended by the teacher表示被动和完成)
At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.
起初,大约在公元450和公元1150之间,英国人所说的英语和他们现在所说的英语有很大的不同。
spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150和spoken today作定语,修饰前面的English,表示被动。
That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。
(written by Lu Xun表被动和完成)
Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
如今中国出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交水稻。
( produced in China表被动)
二 过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语,通常放在句首,且用逗号隔开,可表示时间,原因,伴随,条件等。。
Born in 1930, Yuan graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953.
袁博士出生于1930年1953年毕业于西南农业大学。
(Born in 1930作伴随状语,表被动和完成)
Viewed from above, the valleys form the shape of a man.
从上往下俯瞰,山谷呈现人形轮廓。
(Viewed from above表被动,作条件状语或时间状语)
While left alone, her son acquitted himself very well.
虽然被丢下没人照看,她儿子还是表现得非常好。
(While)left alone表被动和完成,作时间状语。
Viewed as a tool of international communication, English is important.
被看作国际交流的工具,英语很重要。
(Viewed as a tool of international communication表被动,作原因状语)
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