一.过去分词作定语的概念:过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词、代词与之构成被动关系。
例如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须调整思路来适应改变了的情况。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词changed意为“改变的”,在句中做定语,用以修饰名词conditions"条件”。此时该句等于被动语态的句子→We must adapt out thinking to the conditions that have been changed.)
The retaired man was very interested in painting.那位退休的人对绘画非常感兴趣。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词retaired“退休的”相当于形容词,用以修饰名词man,在句中做定语成分。此时该句可以与该句互换→The man who had retaired was very interesting in painting.)
二.单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于所修饰的名词前;而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词之后。
例如:The injured workes are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现在在医院受到良好的照料。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词injured“受伤的”相当于形容词,用以修饰名词workers,在句中用作定语成分。)
This will be the novel of its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词written用以修饰名词novel,做其定语成分。此时该句相当于This will be the novel that has ever been written.)
Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night?.昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词invited“邀请过的”相当于形容词,用以修饰名词guest,在句中做其定语成分。此时该句可以和下列句子互换Who were the so-called guests who had been invited to your party last night?)
三.过去分词修饰something/everything/anything/nothing/somebody/nobody等不定代词以及指示代词those时,要放在这些词的后面。
例如:Nothing reported(in the newspaper)interested him.报纸上没有什么报道使他感兴趣。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词reported“报道的”相当于形容词,作定语用,用以修饰不定代词nothing,按照规则,放在其后。)
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词invited"邀请的”相当于形容词,用以修饰名词those,作定语成分,按照规则放在those的后面。)
四.单个的过去分词有时置于名词后作定语,用以表示强调。
例如:The experience gained is very useful.获取的经验很有用。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词gained“获取的”用作形容词,来修饰名词experience"经验”,表示强调这个经验是已经获取了的。)
They decided to change the product used.他们决定改变使用过的产品。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词used“使用过的”相当于形容词,用以修饰名词product"产品”,做其定语成分。)
Most of the people questioned were students.大多数被询问的人都是学生。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词questioned“被询问的”用作形容词,来修饰名词people,做其定语成分。)
五.有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。
例如:a wanted person被通缉的人(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词wanted“被想要的”可以看作一个形容词,作定语,用以修饰名词person.)
waitresses wanted招聘工人(冉老师有话说:该句中的wanted“想要的”用以修饰名词waitresses,做其定语成分。)
with the words given用所给的单词(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词given用以修饰名词words,做其定语成分。)
in the given time在既定的时间内(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词given用以修饰名词time,做其定语成分。)
六.及物动词的过去分词表被动、完成,现在分词完成时态的被动形式(having been done)也表示被动、完成,它们的用法区别是:过去分词可做状语,也可作定语,而现在分词完成时的被动形式多做状语。
例如:Having been told many times. the boy still couldn"t understand it.=Told many times. the boy still couldn"t understand it.那个男孩被告知了多次,可还是不理解。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的现在分词完成时态的被动形式Having been told 用作状语成分,表示“由于已经被告知了....”, 及物动词的过去分词told在句中作定语,用以修饰名词time。 )
We"ll go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.一旦得到补助金,我们就继续做这个实验。
(冉老师有话说:该句中的过去分词added“增加的”用作定语,来修饰名词fund)
七.历年真题练习:
1.(浙江高考题)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse___to guard her.
A.to appoint B.apointing C.appointed D.having appointed
(冉老师有话说:该题考查的是非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,appointed"被任命的"此处是nurse的后置定语;nurse与appoint之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词作定语,所以答案为C)
2.(陕西高考题)The witnesses___by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A.questioned B.being questioned C.to be questioned D.having questioned
(冉老师有话说:该题考查的是非谓语动词做后置定语。那些证人是“被询问”的,所以要用question的被动形式;由句中的just now和gave very different descriptions不难得知“问询”这一动作发生过了,所以要用动词的过去分词形式作定语→用以修饰名词witnesses,所以答案为A)