英语语法专题讲解干货5.10:不定代词的用法总结如下:
5.10.1 不定代词的概念和形式
不定代词可以分为以下两类:名词性不定代词在句中可以单独作主语、宾语、表语或同位语等;形容词性不定代词在句中只能充当修饰语即定语。有很多的不定代词既可用作形容词性不定代词,也可用作名词性不定代词。不定代词所包括的各种代词和基本用法见下表。
5.10.2 all,each,every
(一)all
1)all用作名词性不定代词时,可用作单数,也可用作复数。这取决于它指代对象的含义;或取决于all指代的名词的用法(如可数,不可数,单数或复数等)
Allwere pale and had dark rings under their eyes.
所有人都脸色苍白,眼圈发黑。
All(of us) like fruits.
(我们)所有人都喜欢水果。
I brought allof them.
它们都是我带来的。
Allof them voted against the plan.
他们都投票反对这项计划。
He scored 26 runs,allin boundaries.
他得了26分,都是打边缘球获得的。
Please accept this gift in appreciation of allyou’ve done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助,谨备薄礼,敬请笑纳。
Most of the time we think we are sick,it’s allin the mind.
许多时候,我们认为自己病了,其实都是心病。
Had you the world on your chessboard,you could not fill allto your mind.
即使把整个世界都放在你的棋盘上,也不能随你的心思布局。
2)all在句中可用作同位语
I was only two minutes late but they’dall buggered off.
我只是晚了两分钟,可他们全走了。
We can allleave together assuming (that) the others aren’t late.
如果其他人不迟到,我们大家可以一起走。
The look of innocence she assumed had us allfooled.
她装出清白无辜的样子把我们都欺骗了。
3)all后面还可跟定语修饰
This man beloved by / of allwho knew him.
认识他的人都很喜欢他。
Ashes were allthat remained of her books after the fire.
大火之后,她的书全部化为灰烬。
4)all of 后可跟可数名词,也可跟不可数名词
All of the toys were broken.
所有的玩具都坏了。
All of the money is yours.
所有这些钱都是你的。
5)“all of+人称代词宾格”结构中的of不能省略
All of us are fond of swimming.
我们每个人都喜欢游泳。
6)“all+数字+复数名词”结构中的all后不能加of
All (the) six boys arrived late.
六个男孩都迟到了。
7)“all of+the/that/my等+名词”结构中的of可省略
All (of) the milk is spilt .
牛奶都洒光了。
8)all用作形容词性不定代词时,可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词
All可用作定语(有人称作限定词),修饰可数名词复数,表示“所有的”;修饰不可数名词,表示“一切”;也可与可数名词单数连用,表示“整个”。
① “all+复数名词”或“all+the+复数名词”意为“所有的,全部的”
All my children can swim.
我的孩子都会游泳。
All students have to take the test.
所有学生都要参加这场考试。
All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.
通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守。
② all+不可数名词,表示“一切的,全部的”
All hope has gone.
一切希望都破灭了。
He has lost all his money.
他的钱全部丢了。
Not all food is good to eat.
并非所有的食物都好吃。
③ all+单数可数名词,表示“整个的,全部的”,也可强调“唯一”或进行对比
That humble little house was all the home that I ever had.
那幢简陋的小房子是我唯一的居所。
④ all+(the)+表示时间的单数名词,表示“贯穿(从头到尾地)”
I’ve been looking after four young children all day and I am really at the end of my tether!
我整天都在照顾四个小孩,确实已筋疲力尽了!
He’d been in the bar all night and was thoroughly intoxicated.
他整夜泡在酒吧里,烂醉如泥。
He spent all that year in London.
那一整年他都在伦敦。
He worked hard all his life.
他一生辛苦。
⑤ all+专有名词,表示“全部,整个”
All China
全中国
All Star
全明星
A general strike paralyzed all Paris that day.
那一天,大罢gong使整个巴黎瘫痪了。
⑥ all+名词一起用作表语,表示状态
All+表示性质、程度等抽象概念的不可数名词,表示“最大限度”
With all possible speed
尽可能快地
In all honesty
十分诚实地
In all earnestness
十分认真地
Be all sweetness
非常温柔地
In all truth
的确
Be all cordiality
十分热诚地
All在表示“最大限度”这一含义时,也可跟表示身体/物体一部分的名词(视情况用单数或复数)一起用作表语,表达与该名词相关的状态。
Auntie Ruth was all sweetness.
露丝姨妈非常亲切。
He was all tenderness and kindness.
他既温柔又和蔼。
That afternoon it seemed all disappointment.
那天下午情况似乎很令人失望。
Life isn’t all cakes and ale,you know.
要知道生活并非都是吃喝玩乐。
Mary’s three children are all angels-not like mine.
玛丽的三个孩子都像天使一样可爱-跟我的孩子可不一样。
(二)each
1)each可作定语,表示“每一个”(这时有人称之为“限定词”)
Each man has his limitation.
人皆有其短。
Each day passed without any news.
一天天过去,音信杳无。
There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter.
每章后附有一份实用的参考书目。
Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope.
每份申请书均须附回邮信封,贴上邮票,写好地址。
Each ticket admits two people to the party.
每张票可供两人入场参加聚会。
2)each还可用作主语或宾语
Each went his way.
各走各的路。
He allocated each of us our tasks / allocated tasks to each of us.
他给我们每个人都分配了工作。
One and the same idea occurred to each of them.
他们都产生了同样的想法。
3)有时还可用作主语或宾语的同位语
We had each said a few words.
我们每人讲了几句话。
He gave the children a present each.
他给了每个孩子一份礼物。
They were each sentenced to thirty days.
他们各被判处30天的徒刑。
(三)every
限定词every本身不具有独立地代词功能,但它与-body,-one和-thing可组成复合不定代词:everybody,everyone和everything。
1)限定词every只有形容词性质,在句中作定语,即可指人,也可指物。Every用于修饰单数可数名词,修饰对象为三个以上(如为两个,则用each),意为“每个”
Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods.
人人都需要水和健康饮食。
Behind every successful man there are a lot of unsuccessful years.
每个成功者背后,都有许多不成功的岁月。
2)every经常用于修饰表时间的名词和名词短语,这个短语在句子中作状语
We are constantly learning every day,constantly growing.
我们每天不断学习,不断进步。
The population of this country is growing every minute.
这个国家的人口每分钟都在增长。
3)every还经常用于修饰带数字的名词短语
Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
来自世界各地的运动员每隔四年参加一次奥林匹克运动会。
In this country there are 80 handsets for every 100 people.
在这个国家,每100人就有80部手机。
(一)each,every和all的用法比较
1)each与every都可译成“每一个”,都可与单数可数名词连用
Each既可用作名词性代词(单数,其后不跟名词或代词one),也可用作形容词性代词,作其它单数可数名词或one的定语;every只能作定语,修饰单数名词。
Eachhas his merits.
人各有所长。(作主语)
We send each other an e-mail eachweek.
我们每周给对方发一封电子邮件。(作定语)
Everystudent needs to be careful with their studies.
所有学生学习时都需要细心。(作定语)
2)each可用在表示两个或两个以上的人或物时,而every及其合成词用于有三个或三个以上的人或物时
Each强调个体,倾向于把整体分开来考虑;“every+单数可数名词/one”及everyone(-body),everything等,都强调全体,把分散的个体集中为一个整体看待,暗示“无一例外”
She was driven from pillar to post and eachperson she spoke to was more unhelpful than the last.
她被迫四处奔走向别人求助,但愿意帮她的人一个不如一个。
There was devastation on everyside.
到处都是破坏的创伤。
Each通常要指代前文中已提到的人或物;但“every+单数可数名词/one”和everyone(-body)等无此限制。
They both came on time,but eachleft ahead of time.
他们两个按时到达,但都提前离开了。(作主语)
Tokyo and London are two large cities.I really love each.
东京和伦敦是两个大城市。两个城市我都喜欢。(作宾语)
Noteveryone is born with such endowments as you.
并非所有人生来都像你这样有天赋。
3)every与each都可与one连用
但要注意every one(指人或物,表达的是数量)与everyone(指人)的区别。Everything有时也可指人。
We’ve only a few bullets left,so make eachone count.
我们只剩几颗子弹了,因此要弹不虚发。
I bought a dozen eggs and everyone of them was bad.
我买了12个鸡蛋,每个都是坏的。
Everyoneexcept me got an invitation.
除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬。
Each,each one,every one之后都可跟of结构,但everyone(-body)之后不能跟of结构。
He divided up his property and gave a portion to each ofhis children.
他把财产分给子女,每人一份。
Every oneof us has his power of invention. The problem is how to tap it.
我们每个人都要发明创造能力,问题是如何开发利用这种能力。
4)each在句中也可用作同位语,说明复数名词。此时,它在句中的位置比较灵活
① 可用在被说明的名词之后
We eachhave a different point of view.
我们每个人都有不同的观点。
They eachexcel in their respective fields.
他们在各自的领域里都是出类拔萃的。
② 可用在间接宾语之后(不能在直接宾语之后)
He allocated tasks to us eacheveryday.
他每天给我们每个人分配工作。
③ 也可在第一助动词、be或简单谓语之后
We were eachgiven a basket of apples in the end.
最后,我们每个人都收到一篮苹果。
④ 有时也出现在句末
We drank a whole bottle each.
我们每个人都喝了整整一瓶。
5)each,all可单独使用,但every不能单独使用;指代上文已提到的或已知的人或物时,each、every和all the都可以使用
Each verystudent in our class likes the new teacher very much.
All thestudents in our class like the new teacher very much.
我们班上的所有学生都非常喜欢那个新来的老师。
My everywish came true.
Allmy wishes came true.
我的每个愿望都实现了。
6)在指代不确知或泛指的人或物时,可用every或all(其后不能加the)
Everyman has his weak side.
Allman have their weak sides.
人人都有弱点。
以上是不定代词的用法总结,大家一定要经常识记这些使用法则,达到熟练应用。