英语拔高训练●翻译题型专练
●刘老师：经典例题剖析
★试题：过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。
参考译文：In the past,travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese. Nowadays, with thedevelopment of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, moreand more Chinese including many farmers and migrant workers can take airplanes.They can travel to all the big cities by air, many cities are also planning toconstruct airports. The quality of air service is being improved, anddiscounted tickets are offered frequently. In recent years, the number ofpeople choosing to travel by air during holidays has been increasing.
刘老师解析：
原文：过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。参考译文：In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.
句法方面：“过去”为时间状语，直接翻译，可放句首或句尾。“乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的”，什么是什么，主系表结构。“乘飞机出行”是主语，主语只能是名词性质的，所以应该用“动词-ing”形式“Travelling by air/airplane”。
词汇方面：难以想象的：unimaginable.
原文：如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。参考译文：Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of people’sliving standard, more and more Chinese including many farmers and migrantworkers can take airplanes.
句法方面：“随着...”是常见的表达“with the development of…”“越来越多的…”也有固定的表达“more and more…”“…包括…”则是“…including…”.
词汇方面：经济的发展：development of economy; 生活水平的提高：improvement ofpeople’s living standard；外出务工人员：migrant workers (migrant /"magr()nt/ 表示移/迁徙的意思；候鸟/移民/移居者=immigrant /"mgr()nt/移民/移民的/迁入的)
原文：他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。参考译文：They can travel to all the big cities by air, many cities are alsoplanning to construct airports.
句法方面：句子主干：“他们可以到达所有大城市”。“乘飞机”为状语，修饰谓语动词，表明到达的方式。
词汇方面：筹建：plan to construct
原文：航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。参考译文：The quality of air service is being improved, and discounted tickets areoffered frequently.
句法方面：识别被动语态，航空服务被改进，或得到改进。“不断改进”应该用现在进行时，表示现在这一段时间内正在进行或持续的事情。
词汇方面：航空服务：air service; 特价机票：discounted ticket
原文：近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。参考译文：In recent years, the number of people choosing to travel by air duringholidays has been increasing.
句法方面：“近年来”为时间状语，句子主干为“人不断增加”，“节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的”是定语修饰“人”，可用定语从句或非谓语引出。通过“近年来”和“不断增加”可判断此处用现在完成进行时，“have been doing”，从过去某个时间节点开始，持续到现在，并还可能持续下去。
词汇方面：节假日期间：during holidays
●刘老师：经典例题剖析
★试题：公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
参考译文：The bus used tobe the main means of transportation for Chinese. In recent years, as the numberof private cars increases, urban traffic problems become more and more serious.In order to encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have been tryingto improve the service quality of the bus. Facilities of the bus have beenupgraded, and the speed of the bus has been increased as well. However, the busfare remains pretty low. In most cities, many local senior citizens can takebus for free now.
刘老师解析：
原文：公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。参考译文：The bus used to be the main means of transportation for Chinese.
句法方面：什么是什么，初步判定为主系表结构，仔细阅读原文“什么曾是什么”应使用固定句式“…used to be…”
词汇方面：主要交通工具：main means of transportation。“major”和“primary”也都有“主要的”意思，“major”偏向于“重大的”而“primary”偏向于“首要的”
原文：近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。参考译文：In recent years, as the number of private cars increases, urban trafficproblems become more and more serious.
句法方面：判定成分，“近年来”为时间状语，直接翻译，可根据情况放句首或句尾。“由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。”是一个因果关系的复合句，直接按顺序翻译，依然用逗号隔开，注意需要添加关系词。表示因果关系，可在表示原因的句子前加“because”、“since”、“for”、“as”等或在表示结果的句子前加“so”。注意不能同时添加，用了“because”就不能再加“so”;“越来越…”要使用固定句式“more and more + 形容词”。
词汇方面：私家车：private car /pravt/;交通问题：traffic problems
原文：许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。参考译文：In order to encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have beentrying to improve the service quality of bus.
句法方面：先理解汉语意思，决定要使用什么样的句式翻译，“为了……”是目的状语，可翻成“To…”或“In order to…”放在最前面，句子的主干是“许多城市一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量”注意“一直在干……”要用现在完成进行时：“have been doing”形式，表示这件事是过去某个时间节点发生的，一直持续到现在，并还可能持续下去。
词汇方面：乘公交车出行：travel by bus; 服务质量：service quality
原文：车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。参考译文：Facilities of the bus have been upgraded, and the speed of the bus hasbeen increased as well.
句法方面：需要用到被动语态“be+过去分词”形式，设施是“被”更新，车速也是“被”提高。
词汇方面：设施：facilities /f"sltz/ (一般复数);更新：upgrade /p"gred/ 升级/上升/往上(update一般为信息和数据的更新)。
原文：然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。参考译文：However, the bus fare remains pretty low.
句法方面：表转折，转折关系词 “however”, “but”, 句间一般用“However”,并用逗号隔开。“票价是低廉的”, 应为主系表结构，可用 “is” 这里“remain” 表示“依然”，为系动词，词意更贴切。
词汇方面：公交票价：bus fare /fe/ 费用/票价, 也可用ticket price;依然：remain。
原文：现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。参考译文：In most cities, many local senior citizens can take bus for free now.
句法方面：“现在”为时间状语，“在大多数城市”为地点状语，翻译的时候最好将二者隔开。
词汇方面：老年市民：senior citizens /"sin; "sinj/（尤指退休者）(而不是old citizens)。
刘老师解析：
刘老师翻译题型解析点评：
从考查内容来讲，这个翻译相对简单，交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要大家去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是同学们耳熟能详的“万金油”句式，只不过之前更多的用在写作当中，这次变成了翻译题。诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是同学们在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。此外，时态语态也是同学们容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,大家需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，所以在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思。
课内经典练习小测：请翻译下列文段
★ 1.近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建造地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥挤和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点，越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。
【译文】In recent years, more and more cities in China begin to build subways.Developing the subway is good for reducing the traffic jam and air pollution incities. A growing number of people choose subway as their main means of transportationto go to work or school every day for its advantages of safety, fast speed andcomfort. Nowadays, taking the subway is becoming more and more convenient inChina. In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take thesubway. Many elderly local citizens can also take the subway for free.
【刘老师解析】
(1)近年来，(中国有越来越多的)城市开始建造地铁。
解析：“近年来” in recent years;“越来越”more and more;“地铁” subway;本句难点在主干上，主干是“城市建造地铁”，切勿错认为主干是“中国有城市”。
参考答案：In recent years, more and more cities in China begin to build subways.
(2)发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥挤和空气污染。
解析：“有助于” be good for;“交通拥挤” traffic jam ;“空气污染” air pollution;本题难点在主干上，主语是动名词“发展地铁 developing the subway”，很多同学很可能会写成“develop the subway”。
参考答案：Developing the subway is good for reducing the traffic jam and airpollution in cities.
(3)地铁具有(安全、快捷和舒适的)优点，(越来越多的)人选择地铁作为(每天上班或上学的)主要交通工具。
解析：“具有优点” have advantages of ;“交通工具” means of transportation。
参考答案：A growing number of people choose subway as their main means oftransportation to go to work or school every day for its advantages of safety,fast speed and comfort.
(4)如今，[在中国]乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。
解析：主语是动名词“乘坐地铁 taking the subway”;本句考查正在进行时态。
参考答案：Nowadays, taking the subway is becoming more and more convenient in China.
(5)在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机[就可以乘坐地铁]。
解析：考查短语 use sth. to do。
参考答案：In some cities, passengers can use a card or a mobile phone to take thesubway.
(6)许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。
解析：“当地市民” the local citizens;“免费” for free。
参考答案：Many elderly local citizens can also take the subway for free.
课内经典练习小测：请翻译下列文段
★2.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
【译文】Mount Huang islocated in the south of Anhui Province. With unique landscape, it is especiallyfamous for its sunrise and sea of clouds. If you want to appreciate themagnificence of a mountain, you should look upward. However, if you want toappreciate the beauty of Huangshan, you should look downward/"danwd/. Themoist climate/mst/湿润气候 in Huangshan is fit for the growth of tea trees and it is one of themajor tea growing areas in China. There are also many hot springs in MountHuang, whose water is good for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases皮肤病. Mount Huang is one of the major tourist destinations/,dest"ne()n/ inChina, which is also a popular subject for photography and traditional Chinesepaintings./f"tgrf/
安徽Anhui
黄山 Mount Huang
风景 landscape, scenery
云海 sea of clouds
宏伟壮丽magnificence /mɡ"nfsns/
美景 beautiful scenery
湿润的气候 humid climate /"hjumd/ /klamt/
茶树 tea tree
防治 prevention and treatment
传统国画 traditional Chinese painting
第一句：黄山位于安徽省南部。Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui Province.
第二句：它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。With unique landscape, it is especially famous for its sunrise and sea ofclouds.
第三句,第四句：要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。If you want to appreciate the majestic mountains, you should look upward.However, if you want to appreciate the beauty of Huangshan, you should lookdownward. 中间可以加个however表转折。
第五句：黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。The moist climate in Huangshan is fit for the growth of tea trees and itis one of the major tea growing areas in China.两个句子之间记得加连词哟。
第六句：这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。
There are alsomany hot springs in Mount Huang, whose hot water is good for the prevention andtreatment of skin diseases.
第七句：黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
Mount Huang isone of the major tourist destinations in China, which is also a popular subjectfor photography and traditional Chinese paintings.
课内经典练习小测：请翻译下列文段
★ 3.华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分。秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同。华山过去很少有人光临。因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
【译文】Mount Hua is located in Huayin City (Shaanxi, China), 120 kilometers awayfrom Xi’an. It is part of the Qinling or Qin Mountains, which divide not onlynorthern and southern Shaanxi, but also south and north China. Unlike Mount Taithat used to be frequented by worshipers/pilgrims, Mount Hua was not wellvisited by pilgrims from the rest of China as the roads in the mountain wereextremely dangerous/because of inaccessibility of its summits. Back then,however, those who wished to enjoy longevity/immortality seekers ventured inMount Hua quite a lot because it was believed that numerous herbs, rare ones inparticular, grew in the mountain. Since cable cars were installed in Mount Huain the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically / significantly/ exponentially / the mountain has seen a dramatic rise in tourist arrivals.
课内经典练习小测：请翻译下列文段
★ 4.泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。
【译文】Located in western Shandong province in eastern China, Mount Tai standsover 1500 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 400 squarekilometers. It is a mountain of historical and cultural significance. Religiousworship of Mount Tai dates back 3,000 years. In recorded history, 72 emperorscame here to pay homage to heaven and earth. Mount Tai has seen many poets,literary scholars as well as painters who have traveled there for inspiration.That explains why Mount Tai features numerous cultural relics and historicsites. Mount Tai has become one of the leading tourist attractions in China.
写作素材思路拓展：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【医患关系】
Mr. Liu点拨：
How to handle the relationship between doctors and patients?
In recent years, the relationship between doctors and patients has becomeincreasingly tense and complicated. The disputes have intensified day by day.There is a lack of necessary understanding and trust between doctors andpatients. The normal health care activities are deeply affected. The relationshipbetween doctors and patients has become an unprecedented common concern of thewhole society at this stage.
How to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients? Firstlyof all, doctors should have medical ethics and humanities, which requireextreme enthusiasm for patients and their technical excellence. Secondly,doctors and patients should communicate with each other. Furthermore, patientsshould know more knowledge of medicine. Besides, the government should providemore legal protection to help balance the doctor-patient relationship.
Although we have a long way to go, we have reasons to believe that thedoctor-patient relationship in China is gradually improving.
写作素材思路拓展：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【师生关系】
Mr. Liu点拨：
With both parents having a daily job in most Chinese families in recentyears, teachers and students are even becoming the main parts in teachingactivities. Hence it is never so necessary to best handle the relationshipbetween teachers and students.
To begin with, teachers need to be aware that they are the basis to makethe teaching process function well. As educators, they should undertake theimportant responsibility to educate students from different backgrounds andwith different academic levels. Only by being patient and thoughtful can theycultivate the future hope of our country and continue the development of humansociety. Furthermore, students on the other hand are the main part of learning.It is critical for them to respect their teachers, which is becoming lesspopular nowadays, as they can learn the core of textbooks and life from someoneonly if they trust him.
In all, the harmonious relationship between teachers and students willgain good result and it will bring unaccountable function to education career.
写作素材思路拓展：Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how tobest handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words.【亲子关系】
Mr. Liu点拨：
How to best handle the relationship between parents and children?
Nowadays, a wide-spread phenomenon occur frequently that parents make alot of decisions for their children, even for most critical issues of theirlife, such as education, work or even marriage. Though many parents regardtheir children as the apple of their eye, they have no enough knowledge how tobest handle the relationship with their children.
We may find several reasons to explain this phenomenon above. First ofall, parents, with their former life experience, always think that they areable to make a better decision than teenagers do. Next, they pay too muchattention to their only child in the family without caring for their children’sfeeling. What’s more, they assert the only way to realize their unfulfilleddreams is letting their children do things that they want them to.
How to solve such serious problems? To begin with, parents should adaptsome strategic changes in children education. They should consciously developtheir children’s capabilities to think on their own. In addition, children should copewith the difficulties they encounter independently and may also search forparents’ necessary guide only at critical moments.
Positive parent-child bonds foster autonomy, curiosity, self-esteem andbetter decision-making skills. So let’s take actions to improve parent-child relationship before it’s too late.
