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一、基本句型
所谓基本句型就是分局结构的几种基本“格局”, 也就是句子结构的雏形,这些雏形是千变万化的。
现代英语的基本句型主要五种
现代英语的基本句型主要有五种。
一 . 主动补(SVC)结构
在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是连系动词(Linking Verb)
That car is mine.
She is in good health.
These flowers smell fragrant。
二 . 主动(SV) 结构
在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)
Everybody laughed.
The guests have arrived.
Prices are going down.
三 . 主动宾(SVO)结构
在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(Transitive Verb),随后须跟宾语,带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”(Monotransitive Verb)
I want a return ticket.
Nobody could answer the question.
The train is building up speed.
四 . 主动宾宾(SVoO) 结构
在SVoO结构中,及物动词之后须跟两个宾语,直接宾语和直接宾语,这种动词又叫“双宾语及物动词“(Ditransitive Verb)
I sent him a book.
Mary lent me her car.
David showed me the way.
五 . 主动宾补(SVOC) 结构
在SVOC结构中,及物动词之后须跟宾语和宾语补语,这种动词又叫“复杂宾语及动物词”(Complex Transitive Verb)
We made him our spokesman.
They elected him president.
He pronounced himself in favour of the plan.
二、基本句型的转换与扩大
基本句型都是陈述句、肯定句和主动句,这些句型可以转换为疑问句、否定句和被动句。
The tourists have arrived----Have the tourists arrived?----The tourists have not arrived.
1.句型扩大的另一语法手段是增加修饰成分和使用从属分句。
The African people have (long) been our (close) friends (in fighting against hegemonism and power politics).
2. 分局的并列与从属还可同时并用。
Not only didi he dislike the way we spoke, but he also disapproved of the way we dressed.
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