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(1)低调陈述。所谓低调陈述,是指用含蓄的语气故意将大事化小,用轻描淡写的言辞来表达。例如:
An Englishman will say "I have a little house in the country.":whenhe invites you to say with him you will discover that the little house is aplace with three hundred bedrooms. If you are a world tennis-champion,say "Yes, I don't play too badly. "If you have crossed the Atlantic alone ina small boat, say "I do a little sailing.
这种有节制的且漫不经心的表达,往往更带有幽默和讽刺的意味。
(2)间接肯定。所谓间接肯定,是指用否定的词语,强调其反义,这种用反说代替正说的弱式双重否定通常更能产委婉的效果。例如,用no small代替 great,,用“ It wasn' t easy.."代替 It was very difficult.”等。
英语中还常常使用一些其他否定的形式拐弯抹角地表达强烈的肯定意
义,如:
He can't see you quickly enough.
他很想尽快和你见面
If a home is happy, it cannot fit too close.
家庭幸福,房窄何妨?
英语也会用带有“多余否定”意义的句子,用否定形式表达肯定的意义。
例如:
There was no knowing at what moment he might not put in an appearance,and whenever he did show,it was to storm about something.
他什么时候会出现,是无法知道的;但是无论何时他一出来,总有事情使他大发雷霆。
(3)委婉否定。所谓委婉否定,是指将直接的否定变得含蓄、委婉,使语气更加温和、谦逊。委婉否定主要有转移否定、用肯定形式表达肯定意义两种情况。例如:
I do not think the Council can or should remain indiffernt to theses most serious violations of human rights..(否定转移)
我认为,安理会不能也不应对这些极其严重的侵犯人权的行为袖手旁观。
As if anyone would believe that story.(用肯定形式表达肯定意义)
好像有人会相信那些话似的。(肯定式)
别人才不信那一套哩!(否定式)
英语中否定意义用肯定形式表达的现象比汉语多见,其形式也比汉语
多。例如:
The evidence is beyond dispute, excluding all possibilites of doubt.证据确凿,无可置疑。
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