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一、什么是非谓语动词?
①在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。
二、非谓语动词的形式,有哪几种?
①不定式
②动名词
③分词(现在分词和过去分词)
现在分词:
过去分词:
其中①②③的基本特点:
-> 不能在句子中单独作谓语。
-> 在句子中的形式不受主语的人称和数的限制。
三、各种非谓语形式可以充当的成分
四、非谓语动词的超级用法
1、不定式
①主语
->As we age, it is not unusual to needreading glasses and hearing aids as our senses wane.[老之将至,人的视觉和听觉自然随之慢慢下降,那么需要眼镜或者助听器就很平常了。]
②宾语
->They want to loosentheir ties with Britain.[他们想要削弱同英国的关系。]
③表语
-> Part of the survey really shows there are misconceptions, and part of our mission is to clearup these misconceptions[.部分调查结果确实显示人们有些误解,我们的任务之一就是要消除这些误解。]
④定语
-> American parents say they should be the ones to teach their children about sex but many believe that role is being filled by kids" friends and the media, a new study finds.[一项新调查显示,美国父母认为应该由他们来向孩子介绍性知识,但是很多人也承认孩子的朋友和媒体正在代行这一职责。]
⑤宾补-> The H"andy Sana is a touch-screen phone that also includes an application called Heart Suite, which allows users to measure, record and send vital Electrocardiograms(ECGs).[这是一款叫作H"andy Sana的触屏手机,其内部拥有一种叫做Heart Suite的应用程序,用户可依靠它自行测量、记录并发送心电图。]
⑥状语(目的、结果、原因或方式)
->I turned on the tap to clean some knives and forks and beer came out.[当我打开水龙头准备清洗刀叉时,发现水龙头里流出的是啤酒。]
一些接不定式的词汇
-> agree, appear, afford, choose, decide, expect, happen,hope, long, manage, pretend, plan, promise, intend, wish,be said, would like等。
->句子:Surely he doesn"t pretend to understand any music![谅他不会自以为懂得什么音乐吧!]
不定式省略to的情况
-> (1)在感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, look at, listen to等后面作补语时。
->例子:I often see him walk up the hill.[我经常看他上山。]
-> (2)在使役动词make, have, let等后面作宾补时。
->例子:I don"t agree with all you say, but I"ll let it go at that.[我并不完全同意你说的话,但我不再多说了。]
->(3)动词help后面的不定式可带to,也可以不带to。
->句子:Sports help(to)keep people healthy.[运动有助于人们保持健康。]
->(4) 在以why(not)为首的省略问句中。
->例子:The key question is in focus; why not reach a decision?[主要问题已非常明显,为何不做出结论呢?]
->(5)在had better, would rather, will you please之后。
->例子:He would suffer death rather than betray the secret.[他宁死也不肯泄露机密。]
->(6)在do nothing but/except后,如果句中含有实义动词do(不管是何种形式出现),此时but/except后习惯上用不带to的不定式;如果句中不含有实义动词do,则but/except后接带to的不定式。
->例子:He did nothing but piddle away the time.[他不做事,只是混日子。]
2、不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见场合
①too...to...和...enough to do结构,这时主语应是todo的宾语。前者亦常可用to be done的被动形式。
->句子:Beckham also admitted he has no“lucky”pre-match routines, with them too being tough to remember.[贝克汉姆也承认,赛前他从来不做什么能带来“幸运”的习惯动作,因为那些动作很难记。]
②某些adj.+to do结构中。这一类型的形容词常见的有:easy, hard, difficult, fit, good, nice, heavy等,其不定式与主语多有动宾关系。
->句子:The water in this well is unfit to drink.[这口井的水不适合饮用。]
③在have/want/get/give/find/lend +宾语 +to do结构中,to do作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语或间接宾语,同时与被修饰的名词还有动宾关系。
->句子:She has a lot of exercise to do.[她有很多练习要做。]
④注意下列句子中不定式语态的不同:
->例1:I have a letter to write.[我要写封信。] (to write的逻辑主语是I)
->例2:I have a letter to be written.[我有封信要别人写。] (to be written的逻辑主语不是主语I,表示由别人代写)
下期内容再说非谓语动词中的“分词和动名词”的内容
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