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【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn"t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up【答案】A
【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。
2017年高考题【2017·天津卷】5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A
【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。【2017· 江苏】25.Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
2016年高考题【2016·江苏】25. He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。【2016·江苏】30.Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off【答案】B
【2016·江苏】33.Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track ofC. take advantage of D. give rise to【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。【2016·天津】8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.A. gave voice to B. kept an eye onC. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A.将……说出，透露，表明；B.注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。【2016·天津】12. I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【2016·天津】14. I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
2015年高考题【2015·浙江】16. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split【答案】A【2015·浙江】11 . We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off.意为封锁， B. appeal to意为吸引， C. subscribe to意为订阅， D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是C吸引。【2015·浙江】7. Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away【答案】D【2015·浙江】5. Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：研究已经表明，左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为生产或制造，B意为发音，C意为处理，D意为下载。该题考查的是词义辨析，4个选项的意思都非常的不一样，所以在作答的时候，要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译，找出最佳答案。根据常识，耳朵不能够生产或制造，不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。【2015·天津】11. If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better______ your doctor at once.A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你对你的健康有任何疑问，你最好立刻向你的医生咨询。A. convince 说服；B. consult咨询；C. avoid 避免；D. affect影响。根据句意可知选B。【2015·天津】14 See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.A. have B. make C. display D. bring【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
2014年高考题【2014·全国大纲卷】31.Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music，but she ______ it with hard work.A. goes back on B. takes away fromC. makes up for D. catches up with【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语的用法。句意：Caroline没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。此处make up for意为：弥补。根据句意选C。goes back on违背；takes away from从……拿走；catches up with赶上。【2014·天津卷】13. The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them.A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down【答案】D【2014·天津卷】9. My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education.A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我父母总是认为我接受良好的教育是很重要的。固定搭配attach… to 依附于。加在…之上；have有；accept接受；pay attention to 是固定搭配，注意。have有；accept接受；pay付费；be of great importance = be very important 很重要。be of no use = be useless 没用。根据语境可知，选B。【2014·江西卷】27. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s ___some serious work.A. come up with B. get down toC. do away with D. live up to【答案】B【2014·江西卷】29. I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to __-me.A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse【答案】A【解析】试题分析：Inform 通知；guarantee 保证；refuse 拒绝 convince 使......相信 因此A选项正确。句意为“ 我不相信你所说的，但是如果你能拿出证据，那你就能够使我相信。”【2014·福建卷】33. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.A. catch sight of B. get hold ofC. take charge of D. make mention of【答案】B【解析】试题分析：这里意思是“她读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会”。catch sight of 看见；Get hold of找到某物以供使用；take charge of控制；make mention of提到，所以选B。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。【2014·湖北卷】Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill，but____ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目在but链接的句子中有“went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow”即在融化的雪上摔倒了，所以要选择的动词之意与“go down”相同，A表示“滑到”，正符合句意故选A。B项表示滑雪；C项表示“发信号”而D项表示“下沉”之意。【2014·湖北卷】The old rules have to be _____because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised【答案】D
【2014·湖北卷】I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to_____.A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意上，“我一晚上都在打电话给Charles，但是网络肯定有问题，所以我不能接通。短语get through表示“渡过，接通（电话）”之意；get off 表示“动身，脱下”；get in 是“取得”之意而get along表示“相处”，故选A。【2014·江苏卷】25. Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A. chase追赶，追求；B. register登机，注册；C. offer提供；D. compensate补偿。句意：来自大学的优秀毕业生被大公司所猎取。故A正确。考点：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解13.【2014·江苏卷】30. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.—I see. I’ll go right away and ________.A. pay him back B. pay him offC. put him away D. put him off【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。A. pay back偿还，回报；B. pay sb. off 付清工资后解雇(某)人；C. put away收拾，储存；D. put off推迟。句意：——爸爸，我认为奥利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。——我明白，我马上付清工资后解雇他。故B正确。14.【2014·江苏卷】33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall【答案】D
【2014·陕西卷】18. Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查set动词短语辨析及语境理解。set off出发, 动身 使爆炸, 点燃, 发射 使(某人)开始做, 使发火; 触发；set about 开始, 着手 [口]攻击 散布(谣言)；set up竖起; 建起 安装 设立, 开办 资助(某人), 扶持(某人)建立事业；set down 放下, 搁下 让(乘客)下车; 把(东西)卸下车 记下, 登记。根据句意：Ralph W. Emerson总是愿意写下他突然想起的新主意。故选D
非谓语动词语法
1. （2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
【答案】frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. （2020·新课标I卷短文改错）My mom told me how to preparing it
【答案】preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
4.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
5. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
6. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
7. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
9.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
10. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60(change)lives.
【答案】to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
11.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，63 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。
分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with
B. combining with
C.having combined with
D. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
13．2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed
B．Being completed
C．Completed
D．Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。
句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
14．2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)The local government doesn"t have to sacrifice environmental protection economic growth.
A．to be promoted
B．being promoted
C．promoting
D．to promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn"t have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
15．2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A．To help
B．Helped
C．Helping
D．Being helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30. the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy
B. Enjoying
C. Tohave enjoyed
D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4. to think critically is an important skill today"s children will need for the future.
A. Learn
B. Learned
C. Learning
D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。
【句意】学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China"s image is improving steadily, with more countries its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing
B. being recognized
C. to be recognized
D. Recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they
B. they should
C. dare they
D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。
5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
【解析】考查现在分词。
本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 (be)Britain"s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call 68 (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn"t help wondering how long it would take62 (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，70 (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or 59 (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn"t want 63 (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。
15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously 2 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to_myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
16.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，4 (mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】3. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2. 【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3. 【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句， correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4. 【2018·天津】12. I didn"t mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help it.
A. to eat；to try
B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try
D. to eat；trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。
5. 【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
【句意】我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded
B. to exceed
C. exceeded
D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。
7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. to see ；63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell改为selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn"s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn"t feel 65 (challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challenged
【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting
虚拟语气语法
24.It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
【答案】B
27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
10. I can"t find my purse. I_______ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I"m not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析： 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。
34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can"t have gone D. needn"t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing
C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。
4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can 的形式（过去时态使用could）
7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。
23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
30.Although you ______ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为：能。根据句意选D。
3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：因为买了比萨饼，无需担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。needn’t意为“无必要”。can’t表示“无能力”；dare not表示“无勇气”；may not表示“推断”。
13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：题意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
_______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should
【答案】A.
【解析】
试题分析：本题考查情态动词，考查方式为情态动词词义辨析。句意：我能和你谈话吗？不会很长时间的。根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许不长时间的一个交谈，所以选择表示“能不能或可以不可以”的A。
30. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __become the richest.
A. shall B. must C. need D. might
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据句子意思，后句讲的是一种可能性。Need 需要；must 一定；shall 表较大的可能性，如：With an early start he should be here by noon. 动身得早，他中午就该到这里了。shall表示推断时，语气较肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理)，而may, might, could等表示推测时，则语气较不肯定，尤其是might, could。因此D选项正确。句意为“ 人生是不可预测的；甚至最穷的也可能变得最有钱。”
32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been
C .If there are D. If there have been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。句意：如果没有现代的通信，我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。
25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?
A. need B. must C. should D. could
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词辨析及语境理解。Need用在情态动词，只用在否定句和疑问句中，“必要”；must“必须”，表示肯定推测，用在肯定句中；should“应该、竟然”；could“能够、可能”。题干中的说话人书丢了，应该是猜测可能是谁拿走了，故选D。
If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气用法。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。故B正确。
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