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很多同学在做阅读的时候,头疼的不是单词,貌似略看一眼,所有的单词都认识,可是放到了一起,就让人不知所云。其实,这些同学遇到的,正是英语的复杂结构问题,下面我们就来说一说在英语阅读中大家常常遇到的长难句的结构类型和分析方法。
一. 隔离结构
This success, couple with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
主干识别: 句子的主语是this success和later research;谓语是led;宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语 to conclude作状语;主干结构是:This success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that...
其他成分: 在research后面接一个现在分词短语作后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句作showing的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句作conclude的宾语;more...结构翻译成“与其说...不如说...”
译文: 这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道: 记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为,不如说是一种习得的行为。
二. 并列结构
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
主干识别:Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.
其他成分: 括号中的内容对biomass进行解释和说明;of fish species 和 in particular parts of the ocean 做后置定语修饰biomass;in that biomass over time 做后置定语修饰changes。
难点揭秘: estimate 的宾语为并列的 the actual biomass 和changes, 并列量词为but,在阅读的过程中往往会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍。
译文:他们的研究方法并不是想估算出某些特定地区的实际生物量(活的生物总量),而是估算出这些生物量随和时间发生的变化。
三. 同位语
They gathered all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
主干识别:They gathered all the data.
其他成分:they can 的完整表达为that they can gather; 出于简洁的考虑省略了that和gather; not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achiever 整个部分是data的同位语。
微观解析:同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details;第二个部分是the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achiever, 其中with high achievers 作定语修饰experiments
译文:他们尽其所能手机了一切数据,这些数据不仅包括表现数据和个人成长数据,还包括哪些表现优异者在实验室实验中取得的实验成果。
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