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当我们用if表达时,基本是出于虚拟语气的因素,但是有时候会被时态所混淆,明明有些句子搭配的是现在时态,有些却用过去时态,这跟if所表述的“可能性”相关。
现在时态里的if
Cindy: Ann, I think I left my wallet at you house. Have you seen it?
Ann: No, but I"ll have a look when I get home,if I find it, I"ll send it to you.
如果,表述的是一种真正的可能性,用if作假设时,一般搭配现在时态表述。
if+过去时态表“假如”
What would you doif you won a lot of money?
如上,如果表述的只是一种想象(类似于自己假设,暂时无法实现),一般用if+过去时态表述。
Jack would read more ifhe had more time.
如果Jack有更多时间,他会阅读得更多。(实际是他并没有更多时间,仅仅是想象)
Ifyou were me, what would you do?
假如你是我,你会怎么做?(实际是“你”不可能变成“我”)
同样的,也可以把这种过去时态应用于wish引导的句子中,表示“真希望......”
It rains a lot here, I wishI had an umbrella.
这儿在下雨,我真希望我有一把伞。(实际是此时我并没有伞)
I wishI was a millionaire, because I don"t want to work.
我希望我是个百万富翁,因为我不想工作。(实际上我并不是百万富翁)
过去时态里的if
前面我们讲到的是“if+过去时态”的句子表示假如......,这种情况是我们当时引发的想象,如果说是已经发生过的事情,现在重温,应该如何表达呢?
答案很简单,表述过去发生过的了,我们用if+had done(过去完成时)......来描述。
看起来容易跟上面的if+过去时态混淆,看看例子,会清晰很多。
The view waswonderful. If I"d had a camera, I would have taken some photographs.
这景色太美了,如果我当时有相机,我肯定会拍一些照。(当时假如的,而且我当时也没有相机。)
I didn"t see you when you passed me in the street. If I had seenyou, I would have said hello.
当时在路上我没有看见你经过,如果我看见了,我肯定会跟你打招呼的。(已经发生过了的,而且当时我并没有看见你。)
我们来举例子跟if+过去时态做个对比:
I"mnot hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something.(现在发生的)
I wasnot hungry. If I"d been hungry, I would have eaten something.(过去发生的)
同样的,我们也将if+had done运用于与wish的搭配当中。
I wish I"d knowthat Gary was ill, I would have gone to see him.
我希望我当时知道Gary生病了,我就会去看他的。(当时希望,而且当时我并不知道)
I feltsick, I wish I"d drunk more water.
我感觉生病了,我真希望多喝些水。(当时希望,而且并没有喝足够的水)
本文如果对你有帮助,请点赞收藏《同样表示“假如” if引领的句子 区分现在时态和过去时态的表达》,同时在此感谢原作者。