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语法复习----句子成分及练习
什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢？
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词： see / hear / drink / eat / …
I saw him last week.
We heard the bad news yesterday.
They eat bread every day.
He drank a glass of milk just now.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词： laugh / smile / look / listen / …
She smiled happily.
They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语，就要靠一个介词来帮助：
She looked at the blackboard carefully.
He listened to his teacher in class.
They laughed at us after the match.
常见的不及物动词
go come move fail work die lie live rise arise
listen look agree arrive sit
happen take place occur break out belong stay
come up come about
fight struggle graduate smile nod
disagree talk
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
二）主语：
主语 (Subject)
1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等7种表示。例如：
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2.We often speak English in class.
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5.Smoking does harm to the health.
6.The rich should help the poor.
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
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（三）谓语
谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
Do you speak English？
They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold.
（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
本次的英语语法复习----句子成分及练习就到这里了，下期我们继续复习哈~~
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