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现在完成式 (Present Perfect Tense)
现在完成式的使用时机：
过去的某个动作，到现在已经完成。
I have donemy homework.
我已经把我的功课做完。
过去的某个动作，不久前才刚刚完成(... just...)。
I have just done my homework.
我刚刚才把我的功课做完。
从过去到现在的经验。
Haveyou ever eaten a snake?
你吃过蛇吗？
Cindy has always lovedshopping.
辛迪一直以来就喜欢血拼(逛街购物)。
从过去到现在累积一段时间并有可能还会继续下去。
How long haveyou lived here?
你在这里住多久了？
Since when haveyou been sick?
你从什么时候开始生病了？
For hours, we have heard nothing but negative criticism. Why can"t you say something more constructive?
几个小时了，我们只听到了消极的批评。你为什么不能说些更具建设性的东西？
请参考86年学科能力测验第4题
带有since 或for 表时间的介系词，通常用现在完成时式。for 表示一段时间， since 表示从过去某一时间点到现在。
Rebecca has livedhere for 10 years.
Rebecca 已经在这里住了10年。
Rebecca has livedhere since 2001.
Rebecca 自2001年以来一直住在这里。
I have beenhere for two hours.
我在这里已经两个钟头。
I have beenhere since 10 o"clock.
从10点开始我就一直在这里。
Mr. Yang has worked in this factory _______ 1968.
(A) in (B) before (C) for (D) since
Tina is getting married to a man she has known only _______ a month.
(A) for (B) in (C) on (D) since
自戒严令结束以来的二十多年里，台湾已经发展成为一个成熟的民主国家。In more than two decades since the end of martial law, Taiwan evolves into a full-fledged democracy.带有副词 ever, never, still, just, already, yet等的句子，通常需要用现在完成式或过去完成式。
Haveyou ever failed a class?
你课业有被当掉过吗？
ever 通常用在疑问句。
She has never beento Korea.
她从来没去过韩国。
上一句的ever 和这一句的never 通常用以表示在过去的一段时间内发生的事情，且一直延续到现在。经常出现在完成式里。
Mary has just finishedher homework.
玛丽刚把她的功课做完。
just 通常用在表示某个动作不久前才刚刚完成。
Don"t forget to tell him to be here on time. ～I have already toldhim.
不要忘了告诉他要准时到这里来。我已经告诉过他了。
already 通常用在表示比预期发生得早的动作。
Have you done your homework? ～No, I haven"t done it yet .
你功课做完没？不，我还没有。
yet 通常用在表示比预期发生得晚的动作。
The idea of this great movie comes from a novel which has _______ been read and loved by many people.
(A) still (B) just (C) ever (D) already
Have you _______ had a fly land on your computer screen, and you tried to scare it off with the cursor?
(A) just (B) ever (C) still (D) already
Stephanie has _______ called. Can you ring him back please?
(A) ever (B) just (C) already (D) still
Has the parcel come _______?No, not yet.
(A) already (B) still (C) yet (D) ever
The parcel _______ hasn"t come.
(A) still (B) ever (C) yet (D) already
" been to"与" gone to "用法不同
has/have+been+to
He has been toJapan.
他曾去过日本。
Haveyou ever been to Japan?Yes, I went to Tokyo last month.
你去过日本吗？是的，我上个月去过东京。
been to是「去过」某地，且现在已经回来了。
has/have+gone+to
He has gone toJapan.
他去日本了。
Is Andy in Japan?Yes, he "s gone toJapan. He"ll be back next month.
Andy人在日本吗？是的，他去了日本。他将在下个月回来。he"s = he has; he"ll = he will
gone to是「去了」某地，但是还没回来。
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