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省略
为了避免重复或由于习惯而省略句子中
的一个或几个句子成分,我们称这种语法现
象为省略。省略在英语中很常见,尤其是在
口语中。
一、省略主语
如：
* (I am) Glad to see you.
* (I" ll ) See you later.
*（I）Thank you for coming here.
* ( Do you) Want some more?
* (It) Sounds like a good idea.
* (It) Doesn" t matter.
二、省略谓语或谓语的一部分
* (Is there) Anything I can do for you?
有什么事儿需要我帮忙吗?
* His room is big and mine(is) small
(省略系动词)
*A: Which magazine do you like best?
B: The right one.
(= I like the right one best.)
三、do,does,did等可代替动词以避免重复
*She speaks English better than he does
(= speaks Englsih).
* - Did you read this novel?
- Yes. I did(= read this novel )
* - Shall I invite Tom to the party?
- Yes, it will be nice if you do
( =invite Tom to the party ).
* - Shall I wake you up tomorrow?
- Yes, Please do
(=wake me up tomorrow ) .
四、不定式to后省略动词
①为了避免重复,前面提到的内容再次出
时,在want,wish, hope, try,plan, like,
love,hate后,在glad, happy, pleased
anxious, willing, ready等词后保留往往
只保留不定式符号to,而省略相关的动词。
*A: Would you like to join us in the
game this afternoon?
B:I" d love/ like to (join you in the game)
*A: Did you go to Shanghai last month?
B: No, I planned to( go to Shanghai
last month).
*-Will you join us in a talk?
-yes, /"ll be glad to.
②在情态动词 ought to, have to,need等
词和词组 used to, be going to后,省略相
关的动词
*The little girl doesn"t want to clean the
plates after dinner but she has to (clean
them)
*He never goes there by bus now but he used to(go there by bus)
*I"ve not been to America but I am going
to (be there)
③ 在感官动词和使役动词feel see, watch
,notice, hear, listen to. look at, have,
make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时,
省略to;但在变为被动语态时,不定式符号to
保留。
*Did you notice her enter the room?
*Was she noticed to enter the room?
④ had better, would rather等后接省略
to的不定式。
*You"d better apologize to her for your
rudeness.
⑤ 不定式作介词but, except的宾语,前面
有实义动词do的各种形式时,常省略to。
*Tom had nothing to do but answer
letters this morning.
⑥ 主语部分有do的各种形式,系动词是is
或was时,作表语的不定式通常省略to。
*The only thing you have to do is to
press the button.
⑦当两个或多个不定式并列时,后面的不
定式符号to可省略,但有对比关系时则不
能省略。
*I"m really puzzled what to think of and
say.
* It is easier to make a plan than to
carry it out.
五、用so和not作替代词以避免重复，so
相当于一个单词,短语或句子，not相当于
一个含有否定意义的句子。常用此结构的
动词有hope, think,believe, afraid, tell,
fear, expect, suppose guess, Imagine
等。
*- Will it be fine tomorrow ?
- Yes, I hope so. /
- I hpoe not.
六、介词in的省略:
①在一些固定短语或句型中介词in通常可
省略。
如:
in this/ that way, in the same way,
in another way,
waste/ /spend some time/ money(in)
doing sth.浪费/花费时 间/金钱干某事
have trouble/difficulty/ a hard time/
a good time/fun(in) doing sth.
干某事有困难/乐趣
/ There is no sense/ point(in) doing sth.
干某事没意义)。
②介词from的省略:
prevent/stop(from) doing sth.
阻止……做某事
save.(from) doing sth.免去……事
等结构中的介词fom通常可以省略,但在被
动语态中m通常不省略
If I stop them( from)going there, I"ll do it. If you do it tonigh, I " ll save you( from)
having to get up early.
七、在复合句中的省略
1. 在宾语从句中的省略
*We hope(that) we can win the game.
2. 定语从句中的省略
① 关系代词在定语从句中担任宾语时可以
省略。
*This is the book( which /that) I want to
buy.
② 关系副词that在定语从句中常代替
when,而且可以省略。
如：
* 2003 was the year(when /that)my
younger brother was born.
③ 关系代词在从句中做表语时可以省略
如：
*She is no longer the girl (that/who)she
used to be
3. 在状语从句中的省略
① 在结果、目的状语从句so ... that,
such.... that中
* I got up early so(that) I could catch the
early bus.
= I got up early(so) that I could catch
the early bus.（目地状语从句）
* Lily"s elder sister is such a clever girl
(that) all of us like her. (结果状语从句)
② 比较状语从句中。
* My elder sister is a head taller than I
(am tall)
③ 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句
中(即由when, though,as if,if等引导的从
句),如果从句中的谓语有“be”,从句中的
主语又和主句的主语相同或是it时,往往把
从句中的主语和be都省略。
* If (it is)necessary/possible, the boss
will go by himself.
* When(he was)in trouble, he always
asked me for help.
* Though(they were) surrounded, the
soldiers didnt give in.
④ 在虚拟语气中的省略, if引导的虚拟语气
条件句中如含有助动词were, should和had
时,if 一般省略，助动词were, should和had
要提到到主语之前。
即：
If+主语+were/ should/had+……
=Were/ Should/Had+主语 + ……
如：
*Were you a fish, the cat would eat
you.
= If you were a fish, the cat would eat
you.
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