八下必掌握语法点——现在完成时

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【语法讲解】

现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。

Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)

(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Eg. ---Where is your father?

---He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

(5)现在完成时的标志：

①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

②for + 时间段;

since + 过去的时间点;

since + 段时间 ago;

since + 一般过去时的句子。

They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化

规则变化：

1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。

如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。

如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。

如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。

如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped

不规则变化：

5. 以不变应万变。

如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。

如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

7. 结尾的字母d变t。

如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent

8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。

如：buy → bought → bought;

bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught

二、重点句型

1. Have you…..yet?

— Have you read Little Women yet?

你读过《小妇人》吗？

— Yes，I have. /N o , I haven" t.

是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。

2. Has... yet?（第三人称单数时have-has）

— Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?

蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗？

— Yes, she has. She thinks i t"s fantastic.

是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。

3. Would you like ... ?

Would you like something to drink?

你要来点喝的吗？

4. I heard...

I heard you lost your key.

我听说你丢钥匙了。

5. . . . came to realize how much...

She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.

她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。

同学们，现在完成时一定要掌握，这是中考必考知识点！

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