上一篇文章讲解了虚拟语气在非真实条件句和省略if的条件句中的用法。这篇文章讲解虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。全文5075字，干货满满。我是英语学圈，欢迎关注，带你长知识。
1、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
考点:在以it作形式主语的复合句中,主语从句常用虚拟语气来表示“建议、命令要求、决定和主张”等,其谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。这种主语从句常见的有以下三种情况:
(1)“It is/was+表语+主语从句”句型中,表语为形容词。
常见的此类形容词有: appropriate, advisable essential important, insistent, adamant(坚定的), imperative, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, better desirable, urgent, compulsory, vital.
It is essential that you (should) win the voters" hearts.
赢得选民的心是绝对有必要的。
It is necessary that he( should)return the book immediately.他必须马上还书。
It is better that these figures should) be checked twice.这些数字最好核对两遍。
It is desirable that the application (should) be sent as soon as possible.
把申请表尽快送去是可取的。
经典例题：It is important that committee _____about the project at once.
A. will be informed B. be informed
C. is informed D. being informed
[翻译]应该立即向委员会报告项目的有关事宜,这很重要。
【精析】B在“It is importantessential...+主语从句”句型中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。本句中 inform committee之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此要用被动语态。故选B。
(2)“It is/was+表语+主语从句”句型中,表语为名词。
常见的此类名: suggestion, advice, demand, requirement, wish, order, commmand等。
It was his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
他建议我们去北京观光。
It is our demand that they(should) be questioned in public.
我们要求公开审问他们。
It is of great importance that you (should) be here on time.
你按时到达很重要。
It is my wish that they ( should) be invited.
我希望能邀请他们。
(3)主句的谓语中含有某些动词的过去分词。
常见的此类过去分词有 desired, demanded, ordered, required等
It is required that middle school students (should)take exercise at least one hour every day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
It was requested that the meeting (should) be cancelled.有人要求取消会议。
It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
有人建议他参加俱乐部的活动。
经典例题:It is required that we _____the agreement right after the discussion.
A. should sign. be signed C. will sign D. signed
[翻译]我们被要求在讨论后立即签署协议。
【精析】A。在“It is required/ demanded+主从句”句型中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。另外,we和sign之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用主动语态。故选A。
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
考点(1)在表示主张、命令、建议、要求等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,从句一般应
用虚拟语气,从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。
常见的此类动词有: advise,ask, determine, deride demand, command, insist(坚持主张,坚决要求)propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, desire.
He insisted that the meeting(should) be put off.他坚持要求推迟那个会议。
They proposed that all the plans (should be discussed at the meeting.
他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。
He asked that he (should) be given an opportunity to explain his case.
他要求给他一次机会解释一下他的情况。
经典例题：My mother insisted that we ____ our homework before 10 o"clock.
A.finished B. had finished C.finish D. was finishing
[翻译]妈妈坚持要我们在10点之前完成作业。
【精析】C。当insist, suggest, order等表示“议、要求、命令”等含义的动词后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词的形式为“ should+动词原形”, should可以省略。根据句意可知,we和 finish为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用主动语态。故选C。
(2)在以it为形式宾语的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
在表示“看法”的动词consider,eem, think等后以it为形式宾语的宾语从句中可以用虚语气,其谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。这一句型中使用的形容词(宾补)与主语从句中使用虚拟语气时的形容词相同。
We think it advisable that he(should) think deeply before acting.
我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下是明智的做法。
consider it necessary that meeting(shouldbe held immediately.
我认为必须马上召开会议。
The board deemed it urgent that these rules (should) be put into practice right away.
董事会认为这些规定应马上实施。
I don"t think it appropriate that Tim should be assigned to the job since he has experience. 我认为给蒂姆安排这个工作不合适,因为他没经验。
考点(3)动词wish后跟的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。
在wish后接的宾语从句中,谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)表示对现在情况的假设谓语动词用“had+过去分词”的形式表示对过去情况的假设谓语动词用 “would/could/might+动词原形”的形式表示对将来情况的假设。
I wish it were spring now.我希望现在是春天。
My father wishes that he had gone to university.
我父亲希望自己上过大学。
I wish could have been there last year. 我要是去年去过那里就好了。
It is too rainy. wish the rain would stop soon.
雨下得太久了,我希望雨能快点停下来。
I wish that he would settle down here. 我望他能在这里定居。
经典例题：I didn"t go to the party, but I do wish I ______there.
A.were B. would be C. had been D. will be
[翻译]我没去参加聚会,但是我真希望我去那里了。
【精析】C。wish后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,从句使用的谓语动词形式分为以下三种情形:谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)表示对现在情况的假设;谓语动词用“had+过去分词”的形式表示对过去情况的假设;谓语动词用“ would/could/might+动词原形”的形式表示对将来情况的假设。根据句中的didntgo可知本句是对过去情况的假设,所以应选C。
考点：(4)would rather等后接的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法
在 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon would prefer等后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词应用过去式(be动词用were)表示对现在或将来情况的虚拟;用“had+过去分词”的形式表示对过去情况的虚拟,意为“宁愿,但愿”。
I would rather he didn"t go now. 我宁愿他现在不走。
I would rather you came next weekend.我宁愿你下周末过来。
I would just as soon you had been here yesterday我宁愿你昨天在这里。
I would prefer you hadn"t" had the chance.我宁愿你没有得到那次机会。
经典例题：-Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?
-Well, I"d rather you ______.
A.don"t B.didn"t C.won"t D.wouldn"t
[翻译]如果明天早晨我们早点出发,你介意吗? 哦,我宁愿你们不要这样。
【精析】B。 would rather(宁愿,宁可)后面常接省略that的宾语从句,如果表示与现在或将来的事实相反,从句谓语动词应用过去式(b动词用were);如果表示与过去的事实相反,从句应用过去完成时。根据句意和句中的 tomorrow morning可知,此处宾语从句表达的是与将来事实相反的假设,所以应用一般过去时。故选B。
3、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法
考点：表示建议命令、主张、目的、计划和愿望等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。
常用的此类名词有: decision, motion, suggestion, preference proposal, advice, recommendation，desire, demand，requirement, order, necessity, request, idea, resolution, pray等。
His proposal is that we( should ) get rid of bad habits.
他提议我们应摒弃不良习惯。
The doctor"s advice is that the patient (should) keep quiet.
医生建议病人保持安静。
The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time.
提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。
He gave orders that the guests ( should ) be hospitably entertained.
他下令热情款待这些客人。
经典例题：The order from the commander was that the troops______
to the front immediately.
A.went B. had gone C. would go D.go
[翻译]指挥官命令部队立即赶往前线。
【精析】D。当 suggestion, proposal, advice, request, order, command等表示建议、要求命等含义的词后接表语从句或同位语从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。本题考查主语 order是时,其后接的表语从句中虚拟语气的用法。故选D。
下一篇文章将详细讲解虚拟语气在状语从句和含蓄条件句中的用法，敬请期待。
想了解更多精彩内容，快来关注英语学圈
