2021年辽宁省沈阳市高一（下）期末英语试卷
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分7.5分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（1.5分）What does the woman prefer？
A.Politics.
B.Science.
C.Foreign languages.
2．（1.5分）What are the speakers talking about？
A． Fruits．
B． Flowers．
C． Vegetables．
3．（1.5分）What will the man do？
A．Send an e﹣mail．
B．Make a call．
C．Send a message．
4．（1.5分）Where does the man want to go？
A.A hotel.
B.A hospital.
C.A restaurant.
5．（1.5分）How many trips does the school organize on weekdays every month？
A．Two．
B．Three．
C．Five．
第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
6．（3分）（1）Where are the two speakers？
A.In their office.
B.In the restaurant.
C.At the woman
（2）How will the man go home？
A.By bus.
B.On foot.
C.By taxi.
7．（3分）（1）Why did the woman call the police？
A．Her money was stolen．
B．Someone was in her garden．
C．She lost her key．
（2）What did the man advise the woman to do？
A．Ask her neighbors for help．
B．Put the chain on the door．
C．Wait next to the phone．
8．（4.5分）（1）How will they go to Sogo Department Store？
A．By Jiefang West Road．
B．By Zhongshan Road．
C．By Xinsheng Bridge．
（2）How much will the man pay for his ride？
A．Only 10 yuan．
B．About 14 yuan．
C．About 20 yuan．
（3）When is it hard for people to call a cab in Beijing？
A．On rainy days．
B．During the rush hours．
C．In the evening．
9．（6分）（1）How does Tina look now？
A． Upset．
B． Surprised．
C． Worried．
（2）What"s the woman"s attitude towards Tina using a cell phone？
A． Negative．
B． Uninterested．
C． Supportive．
（3）How old is the woman now？
A． 10．
B． 16．
C． 26．
（4）What does the man usually do on his cell phone？
A． He plays games．
B． He watches movies．
C． He listens to music．
10．（6分）（1）What did Lincoln"s father do？
A．A teacher．
B．A worker．
C．A farmer．
（2）Why couldn"t Lincoln go to school？
A．Because his family was too pool
B．Because he was too old for school．
C．Because there was no school near him．
（3）How long did it take Mrs．Lincoln to make a trip to town？
A．A whole day．
B．Half of a day．
C．One and a half days．
（4）Why did Mrs．Lincoln go to town？
A．To meet someone．
B．To buy Lincoln a gift．
C．To join a birthday party．
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分42.5分）第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
11．（7.5分）
BIG BUS TOURS—THE PERFECT INTRODUCTION TO SYDNEY
Hop an open﹣top double﹣decker bus to experience the celebrated scenery，landmarks and attractions of Sydney and Bondi Beach.It"s the perfect way to see and explore the "Harbor City".
Top 5 reasons to tour with Big Bus Sydney hop﹣on and hop﹣off service：
Hop﹣on and hop﹣off as much as you like；1 or 2 Day Ticket valid for both Sydney and Bondi Beach tours；360 Degree Views；Great Photo Opportunities；Entertaining and informative commentary in a choice of 8 languages（Earphones are available from your driver）.
Sydney tours depart and finish at stop 1：
First tour starts at 8：30 a.m.Frequency 15﹣20 minutes.
Bondi tours depart and finish at stop 24/12：
First tour starts at 9：30 a.m.Frequency 30 minutes.
All services end at 7：30 p.m.in peak season and 6：30 p.m.in off﹣peak season.
Prices and savings：
Save 10% when you prebook online.
Where to buy tickets：
From any uniformed Big Bus staff；On the bus at any Big Bus stop；www.bigbustour.com；The Big Bus mobile app；Our information center.
（1）What makes the Big Bus Tours attractive for tourists？
A.Low price.
B.Wonderful attractions.
C.Experienced guides.
D.Choices of different vehicles.
（2）How much should 2 adults with 1 child pay for the premium ticket online in advance？
A.﹩140.
B.﹩167.40.
C.﹩186.
D.﹩203.
（3）In which part of a newspaper can we most probably read this text？
A.Geography.
B.What"s on.
C.Wandering.
D.Feature.
12．（10分）Though thousands of adventurers have climbed up Mount Everest，the highest and most famous of the world"s 14 tallest mountains，only 40 climbers have conquered them all.Nepalese mountaineer Purja became one of them after he reached the 8028﹣meter peak of China"s Mt.Shishapangma on October 29，2019.Purja made the extraordinary achievement in just six months and six days.
"I am very excited and proud to have reached this final peak and achieved my goal of climbing the word"s 14 tallest mountains in record time，" Purja said. "It was extremely hard during the six months，and I hope to have proven that anything is possible with some determination self﹣belief and positivity."
Purja"s "Project Possible" started becoming a reality on April 23，2019，when he successfully peaked Nepal"s 8091 meters tall Mt.Annapurna.The climber then rapidly completed the next five mountains，including Mt.Everest，within only four weeks!Five more peak were conquered in July and the last three during September and October.
The adventurer，who was joined by teams of Nepalese climbers on each of his adventures，met with many memorable and critical moments.On April 23，2019，while going down Mt.Annapurna，Puja and his team heard about a Malaysian climber who had been separated from his group with no food，water，or oxygen for over 40 hours.
They managed to find him and got him airlifted to a hospital.On May 15，2019，Purja"s team similarly helped three trapped climbers on Mt.Kanchenjunga by giving them oxygen.
Purja said his primary purpose for undertaking this enormous task was to show the world that anyone can attain greatness if they put their minds to it. "By achieving this goal，I knew I could inspire people from all generations across the world，" he said.
（1）Which of the following did Purja climb up last？
A.Mt.Everest.
B.Mt.Annapurna.
C.Mt.Shishapangma.
D.Mt.Kanchenjunga.
（2）What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 4？
A.Purja and his team are willing to assist climbers in trouble.
B.The number of climbers should be limited to ensure safety.
C.It is impossible to rescue trapped climbers on high mountains.
D.Necessary preparations must be made before climbing mountains.
（3）Which of the following best describes Purja？
A.Capable and honest.
B.Brave and traditional.
C.Creative and popular.
D.Determined and caring.
（4）What might be the best title of the text？
A.Purja：A World﹣Famous Nepalese Climbing Pioneer
B.Difficulties Climbers Had in Climbing up Mt.Everest
C.Mountaineering：A Challenging but Popular Sport Loved by the Young
D.Nepalese mountaineer Conquers the World"s 14 Highest Peaks in Six Months
13．（10分）Life has gone mostly online for many people around the world.With more people going online during the COVID﹣19 pandemic，global Internet traffic has become a big problem.Between January and late March，many major cities experienced an increase in Internet traffic.
Video meetings，online classrooms and stay﹣at﹣home entertainment have become a daily routine.This increase in traffic is testing the Internet"s strength.In March，major phone networks in the UK experienced mass outages（断供）.People were not able to take calls，receive texts or use mobile data.
In the US，major telecommunications companies like AT&T said traffic was up 21 percent month over month.Video streaming services like You Tube，Netflix and Facebook have cut their picture qualities and download speeds.This is being done to reduce network traffic jams.
China has seen an Internet traffic increase of around 50 percent compared to the end of 2019.The country"s network speeds went down sharply in early February.However，they returned to normal soon afterwards and have been working well.
This is due to China"s work in building network infrastructure（基础设施），especially 5 G technology.By the end of February，164，000 5 G base stations had been built nationwide.This has given Chinese networks the power to handle increased traffic.
"If there were no such development in the Internet network field，people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home.Online working and teaching could never be realized so smoothly，" said Wen Kun，an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
（1）What happened to the Internet due to COVID﹣19？
A.Internet traffic was jammed.
B.Internet access was cut off.
C.Internet service was ignored.
D.Internet community was ruined.
（2）Why did some US companies cut download speeds？
A.To increase Internet strength.
B.To improve picture qualities.
C.To avoid Internet breakdown.
D.To reduce the number of users.
（3）Compared with other countries，China"s Internet system .
A.suffered bigger losses
B.recovered faster
C.cost less money
D.started earlier
（4）What is Wen Kun"s attitude towards China"s Internet network？
A.Doubtful.
B.Uncaring.
C.Critical.
D.Positive.
14．（10分）SYDNEY —Australian scientists have designed a system which uses microwaves to break down plastic into an environmentally friendly by﹣product.
Head of Electrical Engineering at Australia"s James Cook University，Prof.Mohan Jacob revealed on Thursday that by using microwaves，plastic waste can be converted into biochar（生物炭），charcoal that can be used as a soil conditioner.
"We are developing a processing room，which could process many kinds of plastic materials，up to 5 kilograms of waste，" Jacob said. "It will be a typical example system for the development of biochars from different types of plastics under various conditions."
Jacob explained that microwave energy is used to heat the plastic waste above 600 degrees centigrade within the custom﹣made room，where it ends up as a biochar，which can then be used to improve the properties of soil.
Currently underway is step one of the project，testing the room，after which，step two will involve improving the energy efficiency of the system and maximizing the yield of by﹣products.If all goes to plan，step three will be to construct a medium scale waste processing system which is customizable and can be installed remotely.
Jacob said that with the average person using 130 kg of plastic every year，there is an urgent need for developing better ways of processing it.
"Perhaps contrary to popular opinion，plastic is an indispensable material in modern life.It is cheap，competent，lightweight，and has many benefits like maintaining food quality and safety and preventing waste，" he said.
However， "abandoned plastics endanger our marine wildlife，and have begun to enter the food chain.There is an urgent need for developing technologies to plastic waste."
（1）How does the system function？
A.Microwaves are used to produce plastic.
B.Plastic waste is heated in the microwaves.
C.Plastic waste is cut into pieces and buried into the soil.
D.Microwaves change plastic waste into biochar by heating.
（2）Which statement is true according to Jacob？
A.Plastic consumption now is acceptable.
B.Plastic should be abandoned in our life.
C.The system of processing plastic has come into use.
D.Finding better ways to deal with plastic waste is urgent.
（3）What does "recover" in the last paragraph mean？
A.Make up for a loss in time.
B.Find or regain lost possession.
C.Extract or recycle an energy source for reuse.
D.Return to a normal state of health，mind or strength.
（4）What does the passage mainly tell about？
A.3 steps of processing plastic waste.
B.A way of producing plastic products easily.
C.A new system of breaking down plastic waste.
D.A program designed for plastic use in the daily life.
第二节（共1小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
15．（12.5分）If you live in a city where everyone rushes，you should realize that you don"t have to be like everyone else.（1） Here are some tips to consider and perhaps to adopt，if they work for your life.
Do less
Cut back on your projects，on your task list，on how much you try to do each day.Focus not on quantity but on quality.Pick 2 or 3 important things — or even just one important thing — and work on those first.（2）
（3）
If you"re constantly rushing to appointments or other places you have to be，it"s because you don"t allot（分配） enough time in your schedule for preparing and for traveling.Arrange your schedule to allow time for this stuff.
If you think it only takes you 10 minutes to get ready for work or a date，perhaps give yourself 30 to 45 minutes so you don"t have to shave in a rush or put on makeup in the car.
Realize that if it doesn"t get done，that"s Ok.
（4） I know that"s a frustrating attitude for some of you who don"t like laziness or living without firm deadlines，but it"s also reality.The world likely won"t end if you don"t get that task done today.Your boss might get mad，but the company won"t collapse and the life will go on.
Practice mindfulness （正念减压法）
Simply learn to live in the present，rather than thinking so much about the future or the past.When you eat，fully appreciate your food.（5） When you"re walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are.
A.Save smaller，routine tasks for later in the day.
B.Walk instead of driving in rush hour traffic.
C.Give yourself time to get ready and get there.
D.You can be different.
E.Practice being comfortable with sitting，doing nothing.
F.There is always tomorrow.
G.When you"re with someone，be with them fully.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共1小题：每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
16．（15分）I was cycling and noticed a person，about a quarter of a kilometer in front of me.I could tell he was cycling a little slower than me and decided to try to（1） him.I had about a kilometer to go on the road（2） turning off.
So I started cycling faster and faster and every（3） I was gaining on him just a little bit.After just a few minutes I was only about 100 yards behind him，so I really picked up the pace and（4） myself.You would have（5） I was cycling in the last section of London Olympic triathlon.
（6） ，I caught up with him and passed him by.On the inside I felt so good.I beat him，of course，but he didn"t even know we were（7） .
After I passed him，I（8） that I had been so focused on competing against him that I had（9） my turn.I had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around and go all the way back.
Isn"t that what happens in life when we（10） competing with co﹣workers，neighbors，and friends，trying to prove that we are more successful or more important？We spend our time and（11） chasing after them and we miss out on our own（12） to our future.
The problem of unhealthy competition is that it"s a never﹣ending（13） ，because there will （14） be somebody ahead of you，someone with a better job，more money and more education，etc.
Therefore，just take what life has given you，your height，weight and personality.Stay focused and live a healthy life.There"s no （15） in life.Run your own race and wish others well.
第二节（共1小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
17．（15分）Adam is a handsome boy（1） is a freshman in senior high school. （2） （go） from junior school to senior high school is a really big challenge to him. The first week was a little （3） （confuse）. First， he had to think very carefully about which courses he wanted to take. With the help of the school adviser， he（4） （choose） the suitable ones. He hopes to be fluent（5）
Chinese when he graduates. What"s more， he had to choose extra﹣curricular（6） （activity）. He failed to join the school football team.（7） （obvious）， he was unhappy（8） he won"t give up. Instead， he joined a volunteer club and helped to hand out food to homeless people. Finally， he will have to study harder although （9） will be quite difficult to get used to all homework. He will be well（10） （prepare） for university or whatever else comes in the future.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分15分）第一节（满分15分）
18．（15分）假设你是晨光中学学生李华，7月15日布鲁斯先生将应邀参加你们学校举行的主题为Nurturing Nature的英语讲座。请你给他写一封信，主要内容包括：
（1）很高兴他接受邀请；
（2）确定讲座时间；
（3）询问需求。
注意：
（1）词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr.Bruce，
______________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
19．（25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写两段，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once，when I was a teenager，my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus.Finally，there was only one family between us and the ticket counter.
This family made a big impression on me.There were eight children，all probably under the age of twelve.You could tell they didn"t have a lot of money.
Their clothes were not expensive，but they were clean.The children were well﹣behaved，all of them standing in line，two﹣by﹣two behind their parents，holding hands.They were excitedly talking about the clowns，elephants，and other acts they would see that night with their brothers or sisters in a low voice.
One could sense they had never been to the circus before.It promised to be highlight of their young lives.The father and mother were at the head of the pack，standing proud as could be.The mother was holding her husband"s hand，looking up at him as if to say，"You are my knight in shining armor."
He was smiling and responding in pride，looking back at her as if to say，"You got that right." The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted.He proudly responded， "Please let me buy eight children"s tickets and two adult tickets so I can take my family to the circus."
The ticket lady gave the price.The man"s wife let go of his hand，her head dropped，and his lips began to shake.The father leaned a little closer and asked， "How much did you say？"
The ticket lady again gave the price.The man didn"t have enough money.
How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight children that he didn"t have enough money to take them to the circus？
Actually we were not wealthy in any sense.So I understand how the kids would feel.I felt sorry for them.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1
Seeing what was going on，my dad put his hand in his pocket，pulled out a ﹩20 bill and dropped it on the ground.___________
Paragraph 2
That day my father and I went back to our car and drove home without any tickets.___________
试题解析
1．【解答】略
2．【解答】B
3．【解答】C
4．【解答】略
5．【解答】A
6．【解答】略
7．【解答】BC
8．【解答】CBA
9．【解答】略
10．【解答】CCAB
11．【解答】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段Hopanopentopdouble﹣deckerbustoexperiencethecelebratedscenery，landmarksandattractionsofSydneyandBondiBeach.It"stheperfectwaytoseeandexplorethe "HarborCity"（ 登上一辆敞篷双层巴士，体验悉尼和邦迪海滩的著名风景、地标和景点。这是游览和探索这个"海港城市"的完美方式）可知，悉尼著名的景点吸引游客乘坐大巴游览。故选B。
（2）B.数字计算题。根据题干关键词"2 adultswith 1 child"和"premiumticketonlineinadvance"定位到文章中的价格信息表和信息表下方的"Save 10% whenyouprebookonline."，两个大人和一个小孩的价格为＄70×2+＄46＝＄186，优惠10%，即＄186×（1﹣10%）＝＄167.40．故选B。
（3）C.文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了乘坐大巴游悉尼的旅游项目，包括旅游的景点、旅游的班次、时间安排、票价以及购票方式等。据此可推知，本文最可能出自报纸的旅游栏目，结合选项A.Geography地理；B.What"son上映内容；C.Wandering闲逛；D.Feature特点。由此可知答案选C。
12．【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"NepalesemountaineerPurjabecameoneofthemafterhereachedthe 8，028﹣meterpeakofChina"sMt.ShishapangmaonOctober 29，2019."尼泊尔登山家Purja 在2019年10月29日登上中国8028米的希夏邦马峰山后，成为了其中的一员。
以及第二段中的"‘Iamincrediblyexcitedandproudtohavereachedthisfinalpeakandachievedmygoalofclimbingtheworld"s 14 tallestmountainsinrecordtime，" Purjasaid."Purja说："我非常激动和自豪，能够到达最后一座山峰，并实现了在创纪录的时间内登上世界14座最高山峰的目标。"可知，Purja登上的14座世界最高山峰中最后一座是希夏邦马峰。故选C。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"OnApril 23，2019，whilegoingdownMt.Annapurna，PurjaandhisteamheardaboutaMalaysianclimberwhohadbeenseparatedfromhisgroupwithnofood，water，oroxygenforover 40 hours.Theymanagedtofindhimandgothimairliftedtoahospital.OnMay 15，2019，Purja"steamsimilarlyhelpedthreetrappedclimbersonMt.Kanchenjungabygivingthemoxygen."
2019年4月23日，Purja和他的团队在攀登Annapurna山时听说，一名马来西亚登山者与他的团队分离了40多个小时，没有食物、水和氧气。他们设法找到了他，并用飞机把他送到了医院。2019年5月15日，Purja的团队同样帮助了三名被困在Kanchenjunga山的登山者，给他们提供了氧气。由此可推知，作者想通过第四段的例子告诉我们Purja和他的团队愿意帮助有困难的登山者。故选A。
（3）D.推理判断。根据第二段中的"Itwasextremelyhardduring the sixmonths，andIhopetohaveproventhatanythingispossiblewithsomedetermination，self﹣belief，andpositivity."这六个月非常艰难，我希望能够证明，只要有决心、自信和积极，一切皆有可能；以及第四段中的"OnApril 23，2019，whilegoingdownMt.Annapurna，
PurjaandhisteamheardaboutaMalaysianclimberwhohadbeenseparatedfromhisgroupwithnofood，water，oroxygenforover 40 hours.Theymanagedtofindhimandgothimairliftedtoahospital.OnMay 15，2019，Purja"steamsimilarlyhelpedthreetrappedclimbersonMt.Kanchenjungabygivingthemoxygen."
2019年4月23日，Purja和他的团队在攀登Annapurna山时听说，一名马来西亚登山者与他的团队分开了40多个小时，没有食物、水和氧气。他们设法找到了他，并用飞机把他送到了医院。2019年5月15日，Purja的团队同样帮助了三名被困在Kanchenjunga山的登山者，给他们提供了氧气。由此可推知，Purja是一个有决心、积极和有爱心的人。结合选项A.Capable and honest.有能力且诚实的；B.Brave and traditional.勇敢且传统的；C.Creative and popular.有创造力且受欢迎的；D.Determined and caring.有决心且有爱心的。故选D。
（4）D.标题判断题。根据第一段中的"ThoughthousandsofadventurershaveclimbedupMountEverest，thehighestandmostfamousoftheworld"s 14 tallestmountains，only 40 climbershaveconquered （征服） themall.NepalesemountaineerPurjabecameoneofthemafterhereachedthe 8，028﹣meterpeakofChina"sMt.ShishapangmaonOctober 29，2019."
尽管成千上万的冒险家登上了世界14座最高的山中最高也是最著名的珠穆朗玛峰，但只有40名登山者将它们全部征服。可知2019年10月29日，尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的希夏邦马峰，攀登了8028米的高峰。结合文章主要叙述了2019年10月29日，尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的希夏邦马峰，完成了登上14座世界最高山峰的目标。文章介绍了Purja对此举的看法，以及他的攀登经过，Purja说他承担这项艰巨任务的主要目的是向世界表明，任何人都可以获得伟大的成就，只要他们用心去做。由此可知选D。
13．【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据原文第一段With more people going online during the COVID﹣19 pandemic，global Internet traffic has become a big problem.（在新冠肺炎大流行期间，越来越多的人上网，全球互联网流量已成为一个大问题。）
可知，随着更多的人涌入网络，"网络交通"成为了一个巨大的问题。而对于这个具体的问题，可以在原文第三段中找到线索"This is being done to reduce network traffic jams."（这样做是为了减少网络交通堵塞。）可知，相关公司采取措施是为了降低网络的"交通拥堵"，故A选项"网络交通出现拥堵"符合原文，而干扰项B称"互联网接入被切断"不符合原文，其程度过于严重，故选A项。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据原文第三段"Video streaming services like You Tube，Netflix and Facebook have cut their picture qualities and download speeds.This is being done to reduce network traffic jams.（像You Tube、Netflix和Facebook这些视频流服务降低了画面质量和下载速度，这样做是为了降低网络拥堵程度，防止其完全宕机，彻底崩溃。）可知一些美国公司降低下载速度是为了避免网络崩溃。故选C项。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据原文第四段"However，they returned to normal soon afterwards and have been working well.（不过，他们很快就恢复了正常，一直工作得很好。）可知，中国的互联网很快就恢复了正常使用，B选项"更快恢复"符合原文，故选B项。
（4）D.观点态度题。本题是对于观点态度的判断，根据原文最后一段其所说的话"If there were no such development in the Internet network field.people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home.Online working and teaching could never be realized so smoothly."（如果在互联网领域没有这样的发展，人们很难在家就享受到这么多彩的生活，在线的工作和教学从未像现在这样如此流畅地实现。）据此推断，他对中国互联网发展持积极的态度。A.Doubtful怀疑的；B.Uncaring漠不关心的；C.Critical关键的，批判的；D.Positive积极的。故选D项。
14．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题。根据文章第二段"HeadofElectricalEngineeringatAustralia"sJamesCookUniversity，Prof.MohanJacobrevealedonThursdaythatbyusingmicrowaves，plasticwastecanbeconvertedintobiochar（生物炭），charcoalthatcanbeusedasasoilconditioner."（周四，澳大利亚詹姆斯库克大学（James Cook University）电气工程主管莫汉雅各布（Mohan Jacob）教授透露，利用微波，塑料废物可以转化为生物炭（生物炭），木炭可以用作土壤改性剂。）可知微波通过加热将塑料废物转化为生物炭。故选D。
（2）D．细节理解题。根据文章第三段""Wearedevelopingaprocessingroom，whichcouldprocessmanykindsofplasticmaterials，upto 5 kilogramsofwaste，" Jacobsaid. "（"我们正在开发一个处理室，可以处理多种塑料材料，最多可处理5公斤垃圾。"雅各布说。）可知，雅各布认为找到更好的方法处理塑料废物是当务之急。故选D。
（3）C．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段"Thereisanurgentneedfordevelopingtechnologiesto recover plasticwaste."（我们迫切需要发展回收塑胶废物的技术。）可知，recover意为"提取或循环利用一种能源以供再利用"。故选C。
（4）C．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Australianscientistshavedesignedasystemwhichusesmicrowavestobreakdownplasticintoanenvironmentallyfriendlyby﹣product."（澳大利亚科学家设计了一种系统，利用微波将塑料分解成环保副产品。）可知文章主要讲一种分解塑料废物的新系统。故选C。
15．【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据上文"If you live in a city where everyone rushes，you should realize that you don"t have to be like everyone else.（如果你生活在一个每个人都匆匆忙忙的城市，你应该意识到你不必像其他人一样。）"说明，你不必像其他人一样，选项D"你可以与众不同"是对上文的概括总结。故选D项。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据上文"Pick 2 or 3 important things一or even just one important thing 一and work on those first.（选择2到3件重要的事情﹣﹣﹣﹣或只是一件重要的事情﹣﹣﹣﹣然后先做这些事情。）"说明，为了减轻压力，先做较少的重要事情，选项A"把较小的日常工作留到当天晚些时候做"承接上文，是对上文的补充说明。故选A项。
（3）C.标题判断题。根据文章结构，可知此处为文章小标题。整个段落，尤其第二句" Arrange your schedule to allow time for this stuff（安排你的时间表，为这些事情留出时间。）"说明，本段中心是预留充足的时间，完成某些事。选项C"给自己准备到达那里的时间"符合题意。故选C项。
（4）F.细节理解题。根据上文标题"Realize that if it doesn"t get done，that"s Ok.（要意识到如果它没有完成，那也没关系。）"说明本段讲述：不要过于紧张，有些事情（今天）不完成也没关系，还有明天嘛！选项F"明天永远存在" ，符合标题意义。下文中"The world likely won"t end ifyou don"t get that task done today.（如果你今天不完成这项任务，世界可能不会灭亡。）"等内容，是对选项F的进一步说明 ，语义密切相关。故选F项。
（5）G.细节理解题。根据上文"When you eat，fully appreciate your food.（当你吃东西的时候，充分欣赏你的食物。）"和下文"When you"re walking，appreciate your surroundings，no matter where you are.（当你走路的时候，欣赏你周围的环境，不管你在哪里。）"都是说明要简简单单生活，要活在当下，不要瞻前顾后，选项G"当你和某人在一起的时候 ，要全心全意地和他们在一起"和上下文是同类并列句型，语义逻辑一致。故选G项。
16．【解答】（1）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.follow跟随；B.grasp抓住；C.remind提醒；D.catch赶上。句意：我看得出他骑得比我慢，于是决定努力赶上他．虽然那个人在我前面，但我看得出他骑得比我慢，于是决定努力赶上他，故选D。
（2）A．考查连词及语境理解。A．before 在……之前；B．after在……之后；C．unless除非；D．when当……时。句意：在转弯之前我还要骑一公里左右。根据I had about a km to go on the road 可知我在转弯前大约有一公里的路程，故选A。
（3）B．考查名词及语境理解。A．way路；B．block街区；C．step步；D．time次数，时间。句意：所以我开始骑得越来越快，每过一个街区，我就会比他快一点点。根据下文中的"six blocks"可知，此处是说每过一个街区，我就会比他快一点点，故选B。
（4）C．考查动词及语境理解。A．protected保护；B．supported支持；C．pushed推动；D．comforted安慰。句意：于是我加快了速度，推动自己（让自己加把劲）。离他只有一百码的距离了，于是我加快了速度，让自己再加把劲，故选C。
（5）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．thought想，认为；B．remembered记得；C．dreamt梦想；D．hoped希望。句意：你会以为我在伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车。不知道的人还以为我在伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车呢，旨在表明我骑得很快，故选A。
（6）B．考查副词及语境理解。A．Fortunately幸运地；B．Finally最后，终于；C．Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D．Apparently明显地。句意：最终，我赶上并超过了他。根据下文I caught up with him and passed him by可知，我终于赶上并超过了他，故选B。
（7）A．考查动词及语境理解。A．racing比赛；B．exercising锻炼；C．celebrating庆祝；D．cycling骑车。句意：当然，他甚至都不知道我们在比赛。上文说我的拼命程度不亚于伦敦奥运会铁人三项比赛中的骑自行车，而他甚至都不知道我把这当成了一场比赛，故选A。
（8）C．考查动词及语境理解。A．believed相信；B．expected期望；C．realized意识到，认识到；D．understood理解。句意：当我超过他之后，我意识到我一直太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了我转弯的路口。根据空后的"that I had been so focused on competing against him that I had （12）____ my turn．"可知，我意识到我太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了我转弯的路口，故选C。
（9）B．考查动词及语境理解。A．escaped逃离；B．missed错过；C．made做成；D．lost失去。句意：当我超过他之后，我意识到我一直太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了我转弯的路口。根据下文in life when we focus on 可知意识到自己太过于专注于比赛了，结果错过了转弯，多骑了六个街区，故选B。
（10）D．考查动词短语及语境理解。A．worry about担心；B．care for照顾；C．depend on依靠；D．focus on集中于。句意：生活中当我们专注于与同事、邻居和朋友竞争，试图证明我们更成功或更重要时不就是这样吗？故选D。
（11）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．tears眼泪；B．money金钱；C．energy精力；D．pain痛苦。句意：我们花时间和精力去追赶他们，却错过了通往未来的路。根据空前的"We spend our time"可知，我们花时间和精力去追赶他们，故选C。
（12）A．考查名词及语境理解。A．paths路；B．entrances入口；C．plans计划；D．barriers障碍。句意：我们花时间和精力去追赶他们，却错过了通往未来的路。上文说我因太专注于与那人竞争而错过了转弯的路口，此处是说我们会因此而错过了通往未来的路，故选A。
（13）C．考查名词及语境理解。A．movement运动；B．event事件；C．cycle循环；D．routine惯例。句意：不良竞争的问题在于它是一个永无止境的循环，因为总会有人在你前面。根据空前的"never﹣ending"可知，不良竞争是一个永无止境的循环，故选C。
（19）D．考查副词及语境理解。A．never从不；B．often经常；C．sometimes有时；D．always一直，总是。句意：不良竞争的问题在于它是一个永无止境的循环，因为总会有人在你前面。根据常识可知，不良竞争是一个永无止境的循环是因为总是会有人在你前面，故选D。
（20）D．考查名词及语境理解。A．mistake错误；B．challenge挑战；C．pressure压力；D．competition竞争。句意：生活中没有竞争，走自己的路并且祝福别人。本文的主题就是竞争，此处紧扣主题，说的是生活中没有竞争，我们要走自己的路并且祝福别人，故选D。
17．【解答】（1）who. 考查定语从句。句意：亚当是一个英俊的男孩，他是高一新生。此处需要一个连接词引导定语从句修饰先行词boy，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who.
（2）Going. 考查动名词。句意：从初中到高中对他来说是一个很大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，go在句中应用非谓语动词形式，本句缺少主语，应用动名词短语作主语。因在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Going.
（3）confusing. 考查形容词。句意：第一周有点混乱。根据上文was可知应填形容词作表语，且主语为week，故应用﹣ing结尾形容词confusing，表示"混乱的"。故填confusing.
（4）chose. 考查动词时态。句意：在学校辅导员的帮助下，他选择了合适的课程。此处讲述的是亚当上学第一周的事情，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填chose.
（5）in. 考查介词。句意：他希望毕业时能说一口流利的中文。根据句意可知，此处表示"说一口流利的英语"，应用短语be fluent in"对……相当熟练 "，固定搭配，故填in.
（6）activities. 考查名词的数。句意：另外，他还得选择课外活动。activity为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数形式表泛指。故填activities.
（7）Obviously. 考查副词。句意：显然，他很不高兴，但是他不会放弃。修饰后文整个句子应用副词obviously，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Obviously.
（8）but. 考查连词。句意：显然，他很不高兴，但是他不会放弃。结合前后文语境可知，此处为转折关系，表示"但是"，应用连词but，故填but.
（9）it. 考查it用法。句意：最后，尽管适应所有的家庭作业是相当困难的，他仍不得不更加努力学习。此处为句型"It be + adj. to do sth. "，it在句中作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填it.
（10）prepared. 考查形容词。句意：他会为将来上大学或做其他事情做好准备。结合句意可知，此处表示"为……做好准备"，应用短语be well prepared for，系表结构，prepared为形容词，意思是"准备好的；有所准备的"，故填prepared.
18．【解答】Dear Mr.Bruce，
I am Li Hua，a student of Chenguang high school.I am more than happy that you have accepted our invitation that on July 15，you will attend an English lecture with the theme of nurturing nature in our school.【高分句型一】（很高兴他接受邀请）
I am writing to ask whether it is convenient for you to deliver a lecture at 3：00 p.m.at our library hall，lasting an hour.【高分句型二】（确定讲座时间）And we will appreciate it if you could answer some questions from students after the lecture.If you have other requirements，please don"t hesitate to tell me.（询问需求）
Thanks again and looking forward to your coming.（再次感谢）
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
19．【解答】Paragraph1：
Seeing what was going on，my dad put his hand in his pocket，pulled out a 20 bill and dropped it on the ground.Then he picked it up and tapped the man on the shoulder and said， "Excuse me，sir.This fell out of your pocket." The man turned around and saw the money.He knew what was going on.【高分句型一】
He looked straight into my dad"s eyes，took my dad"s hand in both of his，squeezed tightly onto the 20 bill，and with his lips shaking and a tear running down his cheek，he replied， "Thank you，thank you，sir.This really means a lot to me and my family."（作者的父亲用一个巧妙的方式帮助了这家人）
Paragraph 2：
That day my father and I went back to our car and drove home without any tickets.We didn"t go to the circus that night.When I asked Dad why he did so，Dad said， "My child，it was a desperate，heartbreaking and embarrassing situation for a father.Surely he wasn"t begging for a handout，but he reminded me of my father，when I was young."
He paused for a while，as if wandering in his memory. "We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others."【高分句型二】 （父亲告诉作者自己这么做的原因，作者也从中意识到我们应该珍惜我们从生活中获得的一切，抓住每一个机会去帮助别人）
