今天我们一起来学习关于直接引语和间接引语的知识，其中包含间接引语公式，还有如何在间接引语中使用疑问句和祈使句，开始吧~
1. 引语行为
两个选择，你可以说：
Kim said, “I am so hungry” (direct speech)
金姆说：“我太饿了”（直接引语）
Kim said that she was so hungry. (indirect speech)
金姆说她太饿了。（间接引语）
下面是不同类型引语行为的例子：
I ask to visit my sister.
我请求去看望我妹妹。
I promise to visit my sister.
我答应去看望我妹妹。
I refuse to visit my sister.
我拒绝去看望我妹妹。
I threaten to visit my sister.
我威胁说要去看望我妹妹。
I order my brother to visit my sister.
我命令我弟弟去看望我妹妹。
下面是心理行为的例子：
I think about visiting my sister.
我想去看望我妹妹。
身体动作：
I visit my sister.
我去看望我妹妹。
我们可以把引语行为分为两类：直接引语和间接引语。如上所述，直接和间接引语帮助我们将信息从一
个人或时间传递给另一个人。
2. 直接引语的定义
直接引语包括人所说的话，口语短语放在引号之间，不需要改变句子结构中的时态或代词。
Kim said, “I am hungry”
金姆说：“我饿了”
The waiter said, “The food will be ready soon.”
服务员说：“菜很快就好了。”
下面是直接引语的例子：
They said, “We were watching a movie last night”
他们说，“我们昨晚在看电影”
“I will visit America next year,” she said.
她说：“我明年将访问美国。
3. 间接引语的定义与公式
直接引语的例子：
Kim said, “I am hungry”
金姆说：“我饿了”
间接引语的例子：
Kim said that she was hungry.
金姆说她饿了。
4. 间接引语的时态变化
直接和间接引语例子：
She said, “I study English every day.”
她说：“我每天都学英语。”
She said that she studied every day.
她说她每天都学习。
The Present Tenses
现在时态
The Past Tenses
过去时态
The Future Tenses
将来时态
5. 直接引语、间接引语（现在时）
一般现在时变为一般过去时
She said, “I play football”
她说，“我踢足球”
She said that she played football.
她说她踢足球。
现在进行时变为过去进行时
John said, “he is reading about World War II in school”
约翰说：“他正在学校里读二战的书”
John said that he was reading about World War II in school.
约翰说他在学校里读到了关于第二次世界大战的书。
现在完成时变为过去完成时
I said, “he has started the movie”
我说，“他已经开始拍电影了”
I said that he had started the movie.
我说他已经开始了这部电影。
现在完成进行时变为过去完成进行时
He said, “it has been raining all day”
他说，“下了一整天的雨”
He said that it had been raining all day.
他说下了一整天的雨。
6. 直接引语与间接引语（过去时态）
一般过去时变为过去完成时
Kate said, “I cooked dinner”
凯特说，“我做了晚饭”
Kate said that she had cooked dinner.
凯特说她做了晚饭。
过去的连续不变。
She said, “Jenny had parked the car”
她说，“珍妮把车停好了”
She said that Jenny had parked the car.
她说珍妮把车停好了。
过去完成时不用变。
They said, “we had eaten in that restaurant before”
他们说，“我们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭”
They said that they had eaten in that restaurant before.
他们说他们以前在那家餐馆吃过饭。
7. 直接引语间接引语（将来时）
“will” 变为 “would”
She said, “I will buy food for dinner”
她说，“我会买吃的”
She said that she would buy food for dinner.
她说她会买晚饭吃的。
8. 间接引语中的情态助动词
情态助动词用来表示情态动词。这意味着它们在句子中使用时提供了额外的信息，例如，它们可以显示一个人的能力、义务、可能性或许可。
使用间接引语时，你必须改变情态动词；can, may 和 must从现在时改为过去时。而情态动词用在间接引语时 would, could, should, ought to 和 might 不用改变。
9. 间接引语中的情态动词变化
例子：
She said, “I can speak five languages.”
她说：“我会说五种语言。”
She said that she could speak five languages.
她说她会说五种语言。
She said, “I can’t speak a foreign language”
她说，“我不会说外语”
She said that she could not speak a foreign language.
她说她不会说外语。
He said, “I may need time off work”
他说，“我可能需要休息”
He said that he might need time off work.
他说他可能需要休息。
The teenagers said, “We must be home before 10 P.M.”
孩子们说：“我们必须在晚上10点以前到家。”
The teenagers said that they had to be home before 10 P.M.
青少年们说他们必须在晚上10点以前到家。
上面的例子说明，情态动词可以变为 could，may 变为 might，must 变为 had to。
10. 间接引语中情态动词不变
其他情态动词在使用间接引语时不会改变，但你可能仍然需要改变代词、词序或时间副词。
She said, “I would travel the world if I had enough money”
她说，“如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界”
She said that she would travel the world if she had enough money.
她说如果她有足够的钱，她将周游世界。
The students said, “we should study more before our exams”
学生们说：“考试前我们应该多学习”
The students said they should study more before their exams.
学生们说他们应该在考试前多学习。
将来进行时，“will be”变为“would be”
They said, “there will be a party next weekend”
他们说，“下周末有个聚会”
They said that there would be a part next weekend.
他们说下周末有一部分。
将来完成时，将“will have”变为“would have”
I said, “I will have to study more for my exams”
我说，“为了考试我得多学习”
I said that I would have to study more for my exams.
我说为了考试我得多学习。
He said, “I might go to the concert”
他说，“我可能去听音乐会”
He said that he might go to the concert.
他说他可能去听音乐会。
Ryan said, “I could go to the shop later.”
瑞安说：“我可以晚些去商店。”
Ryan said that he could go to the shop later.
瑞安说他可以晚点去商店。
Sarah said, “I ought to buy a new car”
莎拉说，“我应该买一辆新车”
Sarah said that she ought to buy a new car.
莎拉说她应该买一辆新车。
11. 间接引语中的代词
另一个需要注意的重要规则是代词的变化。
例子：
She said, “I play football”
她说，“我踢足球”
She said that she played football.
她说她踢足球。
She said, “I will buy food for dinner”
她说，“我会买吃的”
She said that she would buy food for dinner.
她说她会买晚饭吃的。
句子第二部分的主语或代词，即间接引语，是必须改变的代词。我们必须看句子的第一部分，看正在使用什么动词或代词，并根据这个改变句子的第二部分中的代词。
例如：
She said, “I am scared of spiders”
她说，“我害怕蜘蛛”
She said that she was scared of spiders.
她说她害怕蜘蛛。
They said, “we want dinner”
他们说，“我们要晚餐”
They said that they wanted dinner.
他们说要吃晚饭。
12. 时间副词与间接引语
使用间接引语时时态必须改变。因此，时间方面也会发生变化，这就意味着我们在使用间接引语时必须改变时间副词。
Tim said, “I am going to the match today”
蒂姆说：“我今天要去看比赛”
Tim said that he was going to the match that day
蒂姆说他那天要去看比赛
They said, “we are going to Spain next year”
他们说，“我们明年要去西班牙”
They said that they were going to Spain in the following year.
他们说他们明年要去西班牙。
today 可以改成 yesterday/that day
tomorrow 可以改成 today/the next day
yesterday 可以改成 the previous day/Thursday
next week/month/year 可以改成 next week/month/year
last week/month/year 可以改成 the previous week/month/year
13. 间接引语中的问题
英语中有两类问题，是或否问题和开放式问题：
Yes or no question: Are you hungry?
一般疑问句：你饿了吗？
Response: Yes
回答：是的
Open-ended question: What type of food do you like?
开放式问题：你喜欢什么样的食物？
Response: I like Italian food.
回答：我喜欢意大利菜。
你不能用简单的“是”或“否”来回答这个问题，因为它没有在回答这个问题。开放式问题需要更多信息。
14. 间接引语中的是/否问题
把“是/否”问题改成间接引语怎么看？
She said, “Are you hungry?”
她说：“你饿了吗？”
She asked me if I was hungry.
她问我是否饿了。
同样，引号不是必需的，时态必须改变，代词也可能改变。
I said that I was happy.
我说我很开心。
I asked her if she was happy.
我问她是否高兴。
还要注意，间接疑问句中也不需要问号。
15. 间接引语中的开放性问题
例子：
I said to my mum,“why are you smiling?”
我对妈妈说：“你为什么笑？”
I asked my mum why she was smiling.
我问妈妈为什么笑。
She asked him,“how old are you?”
她问他：“你多大了？”
She asked him how old he was.
她问他多大了。
间接引语将疑问句结构还原为肯定句结构。
例子：
I said to my mum,“why are you smiling?”
我对妈妈说：“你为什么笑？”
I asked my mum why she was smiling. (I asked my mum why was she smiling.)
我问妈妈为什么笑。
She asked him,“how old are you?”
她问他：“你多大了？”
She asked him how old he was. (She asked him how old was he.)
她问他多大了。
Tom said to Sam, “How are you?”
汤姆对萨姆说：“你好吗？”
Tom asked Sam how he was. (Tom asked Sam how was he.)
汤姆问萨姆他怎么样。
16. 间接引语中的祈使句
例子：
She said to the waiter, “please give me a menu”
她对服务员说：“请给我一份菜单。”
She requested the waiter to give her a menu.
她请服务员给她一份菜单。
The teacher said to the students, “be quiet”
老师对学生们说：“安静点”
The teacher ordered the students to be quiet.
老师命令学生们安静。
His mum said to him, “you need to study more”
他妈妈对他说：“你需要多学习”
His mum advised him to study more.
他妈妈建议他多学习。
He said, “Let’s join the English language society in college.”
他说：“让我们在大学里加入英语语言协会吧。”
He suggested joining the English language society in college.
他建议在大学里加入英语语言协会。
否定的需求：
The teacher said, “Please don’t talk in class”
老师说：“请不要在课堂上讲话”
The teacher said not the talk in class
老师在课堂上说不要讲话
The sign in the restaurant said, “No smoking”
餐厅的牌子上写着“禁止吸烟”
The sign in the restaurant asked the customers not the smoke.
餐馆的招牌要求顾客不要吸烟。
感叹号结尾的疑问句：
She said, “Yes! I got an A in my exam.”
她说：“是的！我考试得了A。”
She exclaimed with amazement that she had gotten an A in her exam.
她惊奇地惊呼她考试得了A。
They said, “Oh no! We lost our car keys.
他们说：“哦不！我们的车钥匙丢了。
They exclaimed with disbelief that they had lost their car keys.
他们不敢相信自己把车钥匙丢了。
17. 间接引语中的混合句
混合型句子结构可以是包含多个子句和多个时态的语句或问题。
You have a lot of work to do. Can I help you?
你有很多工作要做。我能帮助你吗？
直接引语中混合型句子：
He said, “You have a lot of work to do. Can I help you?”
他说，“你有很多工作要做。我能帮助你吗？”
例子：
He said that Clare had a lot of work to do and asked if he could help her.
他说克莱尔有很多工作要做，问他能不能帮她。
She said, “I am so hungry. Can I have something to eat?”
她说：“我太饿了。我能吃点东西吗？”
She complained that she was hungry and asked if she could have something to eat.
她抱怨说她饿了，问她能不能吃点东西。
Emmet said, “Do you like learning English? I love it!”
埃米特说：“你喜欢学英语吗？我喜欢！”
Emmet asked if she liked learning English and exclaimed that he loved it.
埃米特问她是否喜欢学英语，并大声说他喜欢。
在使用间接引语时不使用引号，也不需要在叙述短语前加逗号。当疑问句在间接引语中时，语序从疑问句结构转换为肯定句结构。
例子：
She asked, “Is it raining?”
她问：“下雨了吗？”
She asked if it was raining.
她问是不是在下雨。
间接引语是告诉你之前所说的话，所以大多数时候必须改变动词时态和代词。
希望这篇文章能帮你分清直接引语和间接引语！
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