【导读】在过去一个多月，我分享了四个主题的精读笔记，每个主题在分享完精读笔记后都发布了对应的课后练习和泛读文章，并在一周阅读结束时对重点表达总结提升。希望我的分享能带给你学习上的帮助。
往期精读笔记请看：
读报刊学英语：在家办公-精读笔记02
读报刊学英语：新冠肺炎疫情的经济影响和政策应对-精读笔记02
读报刊学英语：节后抑郁-精读笔记02
一周总结：如何花式介绍某人的擅长、专长
本期精读：
读报刊学英语：你妈注定让你抓狂-精读笔记00
原文3
I am far from alone in this. Psychologists even have a term to describe the way we fall back into predictable, maddening behavior patterns when we’re with our family of origin. It’s called family systems theory — the notion that families have an equilibrium, and each person has a fixed role that “is in service of keeping the family system intact,” said Pooja Lakshmin, M.D., a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences. So whatever your established role is — whether you’re the appeaser, or the family clown, or the petulant one — you’re going to be thrown right back there the second you walk through the door of your childhood home.
逐句分析一
【句子】
①Psychologists even have a term to describe the way ②we fall back into predictable, maddening behavior patterns ③when we’re with our family of origin.
【句子结构分析】
②是省略了that或in which的定语从句，这里多说一句，读外刊的时候我们如果多留意的话会发现，两个形容词之间多用一个逗号“，”隔开就行了，而无须使用到and，正如这里的“predictable, maddening behavior patterns”；③是嵌套在定语从句中的状语从句。
逐句分析二
【句子】
①It’s called family systems theory ②— the notion ③that families have an equilibrium, and each person has a fixed role ④that “is in service of keeping the family system intact,”⑤said Pooja Lakshmin, M.D., ⑥ a clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences.
【句子结构分析】
本句是宾语为间接引语的主从复合句。⑤是主句，⑥是⑤中Pooja Lakshmin的同位语，用来说明其身份；①—④构成间接引语，是宾语从句，作动词said的宾语；其中①是宾语从句的主干部分，②破折号后“the notion”是family systems theory，说明“家庭系统理论”这一概念，再通过③这个同位语从句，进一步解释“the notion”的具体内容是and连接的两个并列句；在这个同位语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句，that指代a fixed role。
【语言点】
far from 在距离上表示“远离……”；在程度上表示“远非……”，约等于not；e.g. It is far from clear (= it is not clear) what he intends to do. 他打算怎样做一点都不清楚。
family of origin原生家庭；更口语一点可以说the family you are born into。
family systems theory家庭系统理论；家庭系统理论是一种关于人类情绪活动与交往行为的理论。在解释人的情绪活动上,家庭系统理论独树一帜地将整个家庭看作一个情绪单位来考察,将人看作相互关联的结构中的要素,而不是自主的精神实体。
equilibrium平衡；均衡；均势
e.g. The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibriumis called the freezing point. 固体和液体的平衡点叫做冰点。
e.g. We have achieved an equilibrium in the economy. 我们已在经济上达到平衡。
in service of :为……服务，造福于；
e.g. The Dragon Boat Festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.
intact：complete and not damaged 完好无损；完整；一般不用在名词前；
e.g. Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years. 虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
逐句分析三
【句子】
①So whatever your established role is ②— whether you’re the appeaser, or the family clown, or the petulant one — ③you’re going to be thrown right back there ④the second you walk through the door of your childhood home.
【句子结构分析】
句子的主干是③，①是whatever引导的让步状语从句，其意相当于no matter what；②用了一对破折号，举例说明①中的“your established role”，是“whether A, or B, or C”结构；④，“the second”后接从句，相当于连词的作用，表示“一……就……”。
【语言点】
appeaser劝解人；appease，动词， 表示安抚、抚慰；
clown：an entertainer who wears funny clothes and a large red nose and does silly things to make people laugh 丑角；小丑
e.g. Robert was always the class clown. 那时候罗伯特总是班里的活宝。在这里，the class clown = he did silly things to make the other students laugh
the family clown：我们可以理解为家里的活宝
【参考译文】
在这个问题上，我可不是一个人。心理学家甚至有一个术语来描述回到原生家庭时，我们身上出现的可预测的、令人恼火的退行行为模式，它就叫做“家庭系统理论”。医学博士普佳·拉克什明（Pooja Lakshmin）是乔治华盛顿大学（the George Washington University）医学与健康科学学院精神病学的临床助理教授，他说：“在家庭系统理论中，每个家庭都有各自的平衡，每个家庭成员在维持其家庭系统完好的过程中都扮演着固定的角色。”所以，不管你的既定角色是什么——不管你是家庭里的安抚者，还是家里的活宝，还是爱发脾气的那个——当你一踏进你的原生家庭，你就会回到你的那个角色。
原文4
Kira Birditt, Ph.D., a research associate professor at the University of Michigan who has studied tension between adult children and their parents, said that 94 percent of respondents in her study on the topic reported some kind of strife in their relationships. Research also shows that the connection between mothers and adult daughters is especially fraught; Dr. Birditt described it as “the closest and most irritating” of almost all relationships. (One of the most life-changing episodes of my early adulthood was noticing my own mother get sulky at something her mother said.)
【句子】
①Kira Birditt, Ph.D., ②a research associate professor at the University of Michigan ③who has studied tension between adult children and their parents, ④said ⑤that 94 percent of respondents in her study on the topic reported some kind of strife in their relationships.
【句子结构分析】
句子的主干是①和④，①是主句的主语，②是Kira Birditt的同位语，用来说明其身份，其中③是个定语从句，who指代a research associate professor；④是主句的谓语，⑤是宾语从句，作said的宾语；
【语言点】
Ph.D.：指Doctor of Philosophy，哲学博士；上一段的M.D.是medical doctor，医学博士；
adult children成年子女
strife 冲突；争斗
e.g. 塔吉克民族伟大诗人鲁达基曾写道，“智者追求善良与和平，愚者才醉心争吵和战争。”As the great Tajik poet Rudaki wrote, “The wise pursue kindness and peace; only the fool are bent on strife and war.”
fraught /frt/ ：焦虑的，忧虑的，可以用tense替换;fraught还常常接with，fraught with sth表示“充满（不愉快事物）的”
e.g. 在挑战层出不穷、风险日益增多的当今世界，中国将一如既往站在和平与正义的一边。In a world fraught with challenges and mounting risks, China will remain on the side of peace and justice.
sulky面有愠色的；生闷气的
【参考译文】
密歇根大学(University of Michigan)的研究副教授基拉·贝迪特(Kira Birditt)博士研究过成年子女与父母之间的紧张关系，她说，在这项研究中，94%的受访者表示与父母的关系存在某种冲突。研究还表明，母亲和成年的女儿之间的关系尤其紧张。贝迪特博士称这种关系是几乎所有关系中“最亲密又最恼人的”。(在我刚成年的时候，最能改变我人生的其中一件事情就是，我注意到我的母亲对她母亲说的话很生气。)
以上。
