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高中英语课：人教版必修一课文导读 Unit 1
ANNE’S BEST FRIEND（1）
安妮最好的朋友（1）
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.
你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮.弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她把的日记当成了她最好的朋友。
学习要点：
1. whom引导从句为定语从句，做a friend的定语；
在语法上被修饰词a friend称为“先行词”
定语从句中，如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，并且它又在修饰它的从句中充当主语或宾语，我们用
who, whom, that引导从句，并代替它在从句中充当句子成分：
Is he the man who/that will speak at the conference this morming?
他是今早要在会议上发言的人吗？
（代替先行词在从句中作主语，用who/that）
He is the man whom/ that/who she fell in love with in Paris.
他就是她在巴黎爱上的那个人。
He is the man she fell in love with in Paris.
He is the man with whom she fell in love in Paris.
（先行词在从句中作宾语，用whom/that；现代英语中用who也常见。而且做宾语时，关系词常常可以省略。如果做介词宾语，介词可以放到关系词前）
2. like在此为介词，意为“例如，像”；不是动词“喜欢”，请不要混淆！
3. “主语+系动词+表语”句型里，系表结构是复合谓语，所以，be afraid后面的that从句是为“宾语从句”。
4. make +sb/sth +sb/sth, make +sb/sth +do, make +sb/sth +done和make +sb/sth +adj等，都是“make +宾语+宾语补足语句型”。
5. go through常见用法：经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）;翻阅;通读;（法律、协议等）被通过;（正式决定）被批准
she went through tremendous pain.
她经历了巨大的痛苦。
The teacher went through the students" papers.
老师仔细审阅了学生们的论文。
let"s just go through the details again.
我们再核实一下细节问题。
That book has gone through three printings this year alone.
那本书仅今年就印刷了三次。
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了差不多25个月之后才被发现。在这段时期，她唯一忠实的朋友就是她的日记了。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我要把这个朋友叫做基蒂。”
学习要点：
1. discover 发现（本来存在的东西）
Columbus discovered America.
哥伦布发现了美洲。
Marie Curie discovered radium.
居里夫人发现了镭。
We discovered a new restaurant on the west side.
我们在西边发现了一家新餐馆。
注意discover和invent, create的区别：
invent 发明（不存在的东西）
Who invented the microscope?
显微镜是谁发明的？
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。
create创造;创作
How was the earth created?
地球是如何创造出来的？
Criticism will only create feelings of failure.
批评只会造成失败的感觉。
They are about to create a scholarship fund for foreign students.
他们准备为外国留学生设立一个奖学金。
2. set down
把（思想、经历等）写下来;记下制定，规定（规则等）;放下，使...坐在..
The bus set us down outside the post-office.
公共汽车把我们送到邮局外面。
Just set down the facts.
把事实写下来。
3. series
一系列;连续;接连;系列节目
Game of Thones won best drama series.
权力的游戏获得最佳剧集奖。
The students have put forward a series of questions.
学生们提出了一系列问题。
A series of technical foul-ups delayed the launch of the new product.
一系列技术问题延误了新产品的上市。
Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.
安妮自1942年7月起躲藏在那里了，现在我们来看看她（当时）的心情吧。
学习要点：
after being in the hiding place since July 1942为省略句
状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
1) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中连词后可能出现如下结构：(1)名词; (2)形容词；(3)介词短语；(4)现在分词； (5)过去分词； (6) 不定式。如：
Once (he was)a teacher, he is a billionaire on Wall Street.
他曾经是一名教师，现在是华尔街的亿万富翁。
Work hard when (you are) young ,or you"ll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .
他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
While traveling in Africa, she helped many poor Africans.
在非洲旅行时，她帮助了许多贫穷的非洲人。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .
这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。
2) 当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ，可以省略it和be。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
If possible, I"d like to study biology in US university.
如果可能的话，我想去美国大学学习生物学。
When necessary, you can refer to the dictionary.
必要时，你可以查阅字典。
注意：
当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，也可以这样的省略,如：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.
当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
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