当doing形式做名词时，我们称之为“动名词”；做谓语动词或形容词，副词时，我们称之为“现在分词”
一、doing形式作主语，是动名词
Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他谈话是在对牛弹琴。
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
Playing computer games is a waste of time.玩电子游戏是浪费时间。
注：动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。
常见用法有it"s no good, it"s no use, it"s not worth如：
It"s not worth taking an umbrella. It"s not going to rain.
没必要带把伞。不会下雨的。
It"s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It"s rather tiring walking around in a city.
在城市里走来走去是相当累人的。
二、doing形式作宾语，是动名词
1．有些动词（尤其是与感情或观点有关的动词）或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如admit, deny, appreciate, avoid，can"t stand（不能忍受）, consider，dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, fancy, keep, mention, mind, miss（错过）, practice, can"t help, involve, keep, mean, risk, suggest等等。
Having a healthy lifestyle involves following a balanced diet which means eating a variety of fruit and vegetables and avoiding too many sweet or fatty foods, and also taking regular exercise.
有一个健康的生活方式涉及到均衡的饮食，这意味着吃各种水果和蔬菜，避免过多的甜食或脂肪的食物，并采取定期运动。
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你的健康有好处。
Do you want to come swimming / sailing / running with us?
你想和我们一起游泳/划船/跑步吗？ They"ve gone shopping.
他们去购物了。
I have finished writing this book.
我已经写完这本书了。
He admitted taking the money.
他承认钱是他拿的。
注意: 当need, want, require, worth后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.
你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing.
地板需要冲洗。
Her shoes wants mending.
她的鞋该修理了。
2. 介词后跟动名词做宾语I spent my time (in) swimming and sunbathing.
我把时间花在游泳和日光浴上。 Anna spent a lot of time (in)researching her project.
安娜花了很多时间研究她的项目。 Are you interested in joining a tennis club?
你有兴趣参加网球俱乐部吗？ I must apologize for arriving late.
我必须为迟到而道歉。 I am not used to driving on the left.
我不习惯靠左边开车。
3. 有些动词既跟动名词doing作宾语，也跟动词不定式to do作宾语，但一般表达的意思有区别：
1）在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词
和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。
2）动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, can"t help后
跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。
forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；
跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。
go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事
mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下（别的事）开始做某事
try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事
can"t help doing 禁不住做某事
can"t help to do 不能帮助做某事
三、doing形式作定语，动名词或现在分词
1. 表示被修饰者的作用或功能，为动名词（或者说，被修饰词和doing表达的动作没有主谓关系）
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水
a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐
a surprising result 一个惊人的结果
表示被修饰者的动作,是现在分词。（或者说，被修饰词和doing表达的动作是主谓关系）如：
the running sheep
奔跑的绵羊
a crying baby
大哭的婴儿
They lived in a room facing the street.
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.
在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
四、doing形式作表语，动名词或现在分词
doing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。
动名词，就是动词名词化，所以他是关注的是其名词性，如：
seeing is believing.
眼见为实
Her hobby is painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children.
我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
现在分词作表语，表达的是主语所具有的特征，如：
The film is so exciting.
这部电影真精彩。
His concern for his mother is most touching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
She was very pleasing in her appearance.
她外表很讨人喜欢。
五、doing形式作宾语补足语，是现在分词
1. 现在分词作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
We found the snake eating the eggs.
我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying.
= The result is found very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room.
= He was heard singing in the next room.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
We mustn’t keep them waiting.
= They mustn’t be kept waiting.
千万不能让他们等。
六、doing形式作状语，是现在分词
The dog entered the room, following the boy.
这条狗跟着男孩进了屋。（现在分词作伴随状语，表主动。）
Judging from his expression, he doesn"t know the news.
从表情上来看，他还不知道这个消息。（用现在分词作状语）
I"d like to stay here for another week enjoying the beautiful scenery here.
我想在这儿多待上一周，欣赏一下这儿的美景。（现在分词作伴随状语）
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。（现在分词短语作原因状语）
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. = Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。（现在分词短语作原因状语）
They closed the door, there being no customers
他们的店关门了，因为没有顾客。（现在分词短语作原因状语）
Working hard, you"ll succeed. = If you work hard, you"ll succeed.
如果你努力工作，你会成功的。（现在分词短语作条件状语）
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。（现在分词短语作结果状语）
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