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一、过去完成时
一件事发生在过去，而另外一件事先于他发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在前的事情的动词需用过去完成时。时间状语可用for等介词短语或时间状语从句来表示。也可通过上下文语境来表示。
如:
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.
他说他在国外待了3年。
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining
我醒来时雨已经停了。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有;by then,by that time, until then,bythe end of 2010,before 2000,by the time+过去时的句子等。
如:
By nine o"clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from thespaceship.
到昨晚9 点钟为止，我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发来的图片。
He had worked in that factory by the end of 2012.
到2012年年底为止他在那家工厂工作。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet
.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。
3.在Hardly/Scarcely Barely..when...和No sooner..than...句型中,when和than从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚......就…”.
如:Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.
我们才刚刚发动车,汽车的轮胎就瘪了。
No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。
4.It was/had been+一段时间+since 从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
如:It was 10 years since we had had such a wondeful time.
我们有10年没这么高兴了。
5.That/It/This was the first/ second..time.+that从句。that 从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
如:
It was the third time( that)he had made the same mistake.
这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
That was the first time that I had passed the exam.
那是我第一次通过考试。
6.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope,expect, mean ,intend,want等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
二、现在完成进行时
1.表示动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在，这个动作还有可能继续进行下去，也有可能刚停止，常和延续性动词连用,常和时间状语since等连用。
I have been learning Engich for 5years.
我学习英语已经5年了。(从5年前开始学英语，现在还在学)
Sorry! I am late. How long have you been waiting for me?对不起!我迟到了。你(们)等了我多久?
(“等这个动作到说话时刚刚结束)
2.表示到现在为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常带有感情色彩。
He has been saying that twenty times.
那句话他已经说二十遍了。
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