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特殊句式及其他
考点倒装句
1．完全倒装
表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。
John opened the door.There_stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。
注意：上述情况中，若主语士人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。
Away they went.
他们走了。
2．部分倒装
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only with the greatest of luck did_she_manage_to_escape from therising flood waters.
她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。
(2)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。
Never before have I had such a special drink!
我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！
(3)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。
The headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor_will_he even give it a thought.
校长不会允许课程的变化，他甚至不会去考虑。
(4)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。
The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was_teachers"_energy_saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.
电脑被应用于教学中。结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂更感兴趣了。
(5)在so...that...和such...that...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
Such_great_progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)
Try as she might，Sue couldn"t get the door open.
虽然Sue努力尝试了，但是她无法打开门。
考点强调句型
1．强调句的基本句型是"It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分"。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.
给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。
2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是"疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句"。
The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today?
那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？
3．如果原句中含有"not...until"，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。
It was not_until_she_took_off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
考点省略
1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史要短得多，尤其同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。
2．I"m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
—Do you think it will rain?
——你认为会下雨吗？
—I_hope_so/not (that it will rain/not rain) .
——我希望下/不下。
考点主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
1．语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是从语法一致上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.
我的朋友们不想和我去购物。
[名师指津]主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is_going_to_visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起游览北京。
2．就近一致原则
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is_to_attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
3．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体) ，谓语动词用单数。
The writer and teacher Smith has_gone_through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
(2)"no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词"作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has_a_good_reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
一 .用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Barbara is easy to recognize as she"s the only one of the women who ________(wear) evening dress.
2．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________(be) tired of having one examination after another.
3．Nodding head ________(mean) agreement.
4．The Times ________(publish) in the United States，which ________ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world.
5．My brother is one of the students who ________(choose) to join the force.
6．This is because two thirds of the earth"s surface ________(be) made up of vast oceans.
7．A great number of students in this school ________(be) League members.
8．The total number of the population in China ________(be) about 1,320 million.
9．Between the two rows of trees ________(stand) the teaching building.
10．Mary，as well as her sisters，________(study) Chinese in China now.
11. A series of stimulus policies and supportive measures taken by the government ________(expect) to promote change in the economic environment in this area.
12．Fighting an artificial greenhouse effect seems to be the greatest of environmental challenges，________(do not) it?
13．The drug used to treat this disease causes bad side effects，some of which ________(be) deadly.
14．How many countries ________(be) the European Union made up of，do you know?
15．Oh，much smoke here! Somebody ________(open) the window，please.
答案1.wears2.are3.means4.is published；is 5．have been chosen6.is7.are8.is9.stands10.is studying11.is expected12.doesn"t it13.are14.is15.open
二 .改写句子(把下列句子变为倒装句)
1．The patients can be treated properly in this hospital only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ____________________ ____________________________.
2．He didn"t realize the love we have for our families is important until he went through real hardship.
Not until he went through real hardship _______________________ _________________________.
3．I will never make that mistake again.
________________ that mistake again.
4．I will speak to him again only when he apologizes for his rudeness.
Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________________________.
5．If they should forget to bring a map with them，they would get lost in the woods.
________________ to bring a map with them，they would get lost in the woods.
6．I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.
________________ than it began to rain.
7．I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
So difficult ________________ to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
答案1.can the patients be treated properly in this hospital
2．did he realize the love we have for our families is important
3．Never will I make4.will I speak to him again5.Should they forget6.No sooner had I gone out7.did I find it
三 .补充句子(找出下列句子的省略成分并把他们补充完整)
1．Haven"t seen you for ages.
2．I am happy if you are.
3．I meant to write to you，but forgot to.
4．They are going abroad soon，but I don"t know when.
5．—When did you come back last night?
—It was not until 11 o"clock when the party ended.
6．When asked about his school life，Tim thought it colorful.
7．Unless asked to answer questions，the pupils won"t talk in Mrs Smith"s class.
8．—Why wasn"t John hired for the job?
—I don"t know，but he should have been.
9．Johnny wanted to ride his new bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to.
10．The birth planning policy allows my parents to have a second child because of my disability，but to look after me，they chose not to.
答案1.I haven"t seen you for ages.
2．I am happy if you are happy.
3．I meant to write to you，but forgot to write_to_you.
4．They are going abroad soon，but I don"t know when they_are_going_abroad.
5．—When did you come back last night?
—It was not until 11 o"clock when the party ended that_I_came_back.
6．When he_was asked about his school life，Tim thought it colorful.
7．Unless the_pupils_are asked to answer questions，the pupils won"t talk in Mrs Smith"s class.
8．—Why wasn"t John hired for the job?
—I don"t know，but he should have been hired.
9．Johnny wanted to ride his new bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to ride.
10．The birth planning policy allows my parents to have a second child because of my disability，but to look after me，they chose not to have_a_second_child.
三 .根据上下文和括号中的提示，用正确的特殊句式完成句子
Nowadays，lots of children in rural areas can"t live together with their parents working in other paces.On the whole，several factors result in the problem.Firstly，some parents1.________(强调谓语动词：的确担心) that it will influence their work if they really take the children along with them.Secondly,2.________(倒装：生活成本和教育费用如此高) in the place where parents work that they can"t afford them.
In my opinion,3.________(强调句：父母和政府应为这个问题负责)．Besides，whatever difficulty we are faced with，we should take effective measures to solve the problem.
答案1.do worry2.so high are the living costs and education fees3.it"s the parents and government that are responsible for the problem
Ⅱ.完成句子(用倒装句完成下列句子)
1．只有用这种方法，你才能学好英语。
________________________ you learn English well.
2．我从来没见过这样的人。
Never ________________________ such a man.
3．他刚到家，电话就响了。
Hardly ________________________ the telephone rang.
4．不仅老师自己对足球感兴趣，而且他的所有学生也开始对足球感兴趣了。
Not only ________________________ interested in football，but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
5．如果你不去，我也不去了。
If you don"t go，________________________.
答案1.Only in this way can2.have I seen3.had he arrived home when4.is the teacher himself5.neither/nor shall I
Ⅲ.用强调句翻译下列句子
1．只有当他说出那个字后，他才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．学校到底什么时候开运动会呢？
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3．直到信的末尾，她才提到她自己的计划。
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4．在当地导游的帮助下，登山者才获救。
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5．你可一定要跟我说实话，否则我帮不了你。
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答案1.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
2．When is it that our school will hold the sports meeting?
3．It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
4．It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
5．Do tell me the truth，or I can"t help you.
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