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语法精讲
一．过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1.作时间状语
相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等，使其时间意义更明确。
Seen from the top of the hill,the town looks more beau- tiful.
=When the town is seen from the top of the hill,it looks more beautiful.
=When seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
从山顶往下看，这座城镇看起来更加漂亮。
When asked for his views about his teaching job, he said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
当问到对教学工作的观点时，他说他觉得既有趣又有意义。
2.作原因状语
相当于原因状语从句。
Satisfied with what I did, my teacher praised me in class.
=Because my teacher was satisfied with what I did,he praised me in class.
由于对我所做的事情感到满意，老师在班上表扬了我。
3.作条件状语
相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
=If they are grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。
4.作让步状语
相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though.even if,even though,whether...or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。
Wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins.
=Though (they were) wounded,the brave soldiers contin- ued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins.虽然受伤了，但是勇敢的战士们仍然继续作战，寻找被困在废墟中的人们。
5.作方式或伴随状语
相当于and连接的并列结构。
She accepted the gift,deeply moved.
=She accepted the gift,and she was deeply moved.她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。
【注意】有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有be lost(迷路);be seated(坐);be hidden(躲)： be lost/absorbed in (沉溺于);be dressed in(穿着);
be tired of(厌烦)……。
Lost in thought,he didn"t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
二、过去分词作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。
The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。
Used for a long time,the book looks old.
这本书由于用了很长时间，看起来有点旧。
Using the book,I find it useful.
用了这本书，我发现它很有用。
【巧学助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀：
分词作状语，主语是关键。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
【注意】 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。 如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
If caught,the police will punish the thief. (×)
If caught,the thief will be punished by the police.
(√)
If the thief is caught,the police will punish him
四、 独立主格结构做状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系(现在分词)或动宾关系(过去分词)。可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
1、 伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。
He was watching TV, his mouth half open.
He fell to the ground, blood coming down his nose.
The policeman entered the dark room, gun in hand.
The old man sat down, his face pale with pain.
2、 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。
Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
The problem settled, everyone was filled with joy.
3、 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。
John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own.
It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on.
There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi.
4、 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。
Weather permitting, we’ll have a picnic this Sunday.
Enough time given, we’ll do the job better.
注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。
如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted.
With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army man’s house.
You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food.
He left the bathroom, with the water running.
五。语法精炼
I.单句语法填空
1.Technological innovations, combined (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these pro- ducts. 1.mark （2020江苏卷改编)
2.Earth Day,marked (mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environ- mental protection. （2019北京卷）
3.Ordinary soap,used(use) correctly, can deal with bac- teria effectively. (2018北京卷改编)
4.Absorbed(absorb) in painting,John didn"t notice eve-
ning approaching. (天津卷改编)
5.If accepted (accept) for the job, you"ll be informed
soon. (北京卷改编)
6.Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.
(重庆卷改编)
7.When he came to himself, he found himself in the hos-
pital surrounded(surround) by some relatives.
8.Convinced(convince) of the innocence of the suspect,
the judge gave him freedom.
9.The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes focused(focus) on the wall.
10.Compared(compare) with letters,e-mails are more
convenient in communication nowadays. 2021.10.12 1
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. Bathed in the sunshine on the farm,we jumped and cheered with joy. (2020全国卷Ⅱ书面表达）在农场里我们沐浴在阳光中，高兴地欢呼雀跃。
2.Given the chance,I would make donations to orphans eager to gain future success through learning.
(2020全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
如果有机会，我想向渴望通过学习未来获得成功的孤儿提供捐助。
3.Faced with so many new things to learn, I was at a loss what to do. (2020全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)面对这么多新的东西要学，我不知道该做什么。
4.Once lost,such a chance might never come again,so you should grasp it. (2020天津7月卷书面表达)一旦失去，这样的机会也许就永远不会再有了，因此你应当抓住它。
5.Edited by three language experts, the dictionary has been popular with the readers ever since it came out two years ago.
由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市以来就一直受到读者欢迎。
6.Informed that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books. (重庆卷写作)
得知你在组织全球分享图书活动，我写信申请参加，其原因是我喜欢读书而且我拥有大量的图书。
7.Seriously injured,some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
因受伤严重，其中有些乘客被立刻送往最近的医院。
8.There is clear evidence that children who take musie lessons develop a better memory compared with those who have no musical training.
有明确的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。
9.When exposed to stress in whatever form, all of us react physically.
当暴露在压力之下时，不管以什么形式，我们所有的人都会作出身体上的反应。
10.Surprised at what Berry had done, people present didn"t know what to say at first.
惊异于贝里所做的事情，在场的人起初都不知要说什么。
Ⅲ.用过去分词形式改写下列句子
1.This is a machine which is sold very quickly.
→This is a machine sold very quickly.
2.I made much progress in English because I was deter- mined to learn it well.
→Determined to learn English well,I made much pro- gress in it.
3.Although the problem was discussed several times at the meeting,it was still not solved.
→Discussed several times at the meeting,the problem was still not solved.
4.After they were examined at the gate of the lab, they entered the lab and continued their experiment.
→Examined at the gate of the lab,they entered the lab and continued their experiment.
5.When he was asked why he was late,he said his car broke down halfway.
→Asked why he was late,he said his car broke down halfway.
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《英语语法系列(一)——过去分词作状语》，同时在此感谢原作者。
