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一、重点词汇
1. dramatically [dr"mtkli] adv. 显著地
The cost of living has increased dramatically.
生活费用已大幅增长了。
2. habitat ["hbtt] n. 栖息地
The panda"s natural habitat is the bamboo forest.
大熊猫的天然栖息地是竹林。
3. subsequently ["sbskwntli] adv. 后来，随后
They subsequently heard that he left the country.
他们后来听说他离开了这个国家。
4. appetite ["ptat] n. 胃口，食欲
He has a healthy appetite.
他有健康的胃口。
5. multiply ["mltpla] v.（使）大大增加，（使）倍增
This will multiply our chances of success.
这将增加我们成功的机会。
6. erosion ["r()n] n. 侵蚀
soil erosion 土壤侵蚀
Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.
植树造林减轻了土壤侵蚀。
7. chaos ["kes] n. 大混乱；紊乱
After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.
停电后，城市一片混乱。
8. conservation [kns"ve()n] n. 保护
The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic.
保护自然环境在经济上和美化环境上都有好处。
9. virus ["vars] n. 病毒
The drug prevents the virus from replicating itself. 这种药能防止病毒复制。
new/novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒
10. decrease [d"kris] v.（使）变小，（使）减少
People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.
人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。
11. trap [trp] n. 夹子，陷阱
A trap was laid, with fresh bait.
陷阱设置好，还投放了新诱饵。
12. departure [d"pɑt] n. 离开
His sudden departure threw the office into chaos.
他的突然离去使这个部门陷入一片混乱。
13. explode [k"spld] v. 突然增加；爆炸；爆发
If you keep all of these emotions bottled up inside, it"s going to explode sometime.
如果你一直让所有情绪积聚在你心里，那迟早它们会爆发的。
14. collapse [k"lps] v. 倒坍；塌下
The bridge is liable to collapse at any moment.
那座桥随时可能坍塌。
15. substantial [sb"stn()l] adj. 大量的，多的
He made substantial donations to charity.
他做了大量的慈善捐赠。
16. incident ["nsd()nt] n. 事件
We have viewed the video recording of the incident.
我们已观看了该事件的录像。
17. intervention [nt"ven()n] n. 干预，介入
Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further.
军事介入只会使冲突加剧。
18. owe [] v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务
Perhaps we owe these people more respect.
也许我们应该给予这些人更多的尊敬。
19. ecology ["kldi] n. 生态
The way coffee is grown affects the global ecology.
咖啡的种植方式影响着全球生态。
20. nutrient ["njutrint] n. 养分，营养物
Very few foods are natural sources of this nutrient.
很少有食物是这种营养素的天然来源。
21. comparison [km"prs()n] n. 比较
There is no comparison between the two.
二者不能相比。
22. visual ["vul] adj. 视觉的
I have a very good visual memory.
我过目不忘。
23. session ["se()n] n. 一段时间
The course is made up of 12 two-hour sessions.
这门课总共上12次，每次两小时。
24. on behalf of 代表
On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表本部门感谢大家。
25. criterion [kra"trin] n. 标准，准则
Only social practice can be the criterion of truth.
实践是检验真理的唯一标准。
26. rare [re] adj. 稀有的，罕见的
It must be stressed that this disease is very rare.
必须着重指出，这种病非常罕见。
27. biological [ba"ldk()l] adj. 生物的，与生物有关的
Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.
许多生物变化过程都是由激素控制的。
28. apparently ["prntli] adv. 据说；看来，似乎
The two crimes are apparently unconnected.
这两起犯罪显然没有关联。
29. vast [vɑst] adj. 巨大的；广大的
His business empire was vast.
他的企业规模庞大。
30. variation [veri"e()n] n. 差异；变化
A variation of a gene can influence people’s social behavior.
基因的变异会影响人们的社会行为。
31. elsewhere [els"we] adv. 在别处
Elsewhere, the weather today has been fairly sunny.
今天其他地方的天气都比较晴朗。
32. secure [s"kj] adj. 稳固的；安全的
Double-check that the ladder is secure.
再检查一下梯子是否安全。
33. greeting ["ɡrit] n. 问候，招呼
His greeting was familiar and friendly.
他的问候亲切而友好。
二、常用表达方式
1. No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 没有游
客会对该岛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产地感到惊讶。
it 在此是一个形式宾语，在 think 后面起先行引导的作用，本身并无词义。它所指代的
是 the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
it 作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，常用 it 作
为形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到句子后部去。
it 作为形式宾语可以分为两种情况：
① 代表不定式。
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the passage. 我觉得理解这篇文章并不难。
② 代表连接代词或副词引导的从句或动名词。
He hasn’t made it clear when he is coming back. 他还没有说明他什么时候回来。
He owes it to his doctor’s care that he is quite well again.
多亏医生的照料，他身体又好起来了。
He thought it no use trying to convince them. 他认为企图说服他们是没有用的。
2. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal peng-uins, king
penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands
of years. 他们也不会想象到，几千年来，本地栖居的动物，包括皇家企鹅、帝企鹅和海象，
是如何与它们的自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
1) fail to do... 未做到……；无法做到……
Many people fail to do this and wonder why they cannot concentrate.
很多人无法做到这一点，并且不明白自己为什么无法做到专注于学习。
2) in harmony with 与……协调；与……一致
We must ensure that tourism development is in harmony with the environment.
我们必须确保旅游业的发展与环境相协调。
live/work in harmony 融洽地生活/工作
3)否定词（位于句首表示强调）+部分倒装
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动
词、be动词移至主语之前。
这样的词或短语有 never, neither, nor, not, seldom, hardly, rarely, at no time, by no means,
in no way 等。
In no way shall I give up. 我决不放弃。
3. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too. 不幸的是，猫后
来也对鸟类产生了食欲。
develop an appetite for 对……产生了食欲
have an appetite with 胃口大开
have no appetite 没胃口
an appetite for 对……的爱好/强烈欲望
Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.
我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。
4. Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans. 与此同时，兔
子作为人类的食物来源被引进岛上。
be introduced to 被引入……
If you want to be introduced to the author, I think I can arrange it.
如果你想认识这个作者，我想我可以给你们安排一下。
5. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits
remained out of control. Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the
rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island. 即使在麦
夸里岛在20世纪70年代成为官方自然保护区后，这些兔子仍然无法控制。专家们认为有
必要提出一项计划，把所有的兔子从岛上赶走。怀着这个目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。
1) out of control 失控
I realized the bus was out of control when I was speaking to the students.
当我和学生说话时，我意识到公共汽车失控了。
beyond control 无法控制
in control of 控制，管理，掌握
lose control of 失去对……的控制
under control 被控制住
2) remove... from… 把……从……移走/赶走
remove the dishes from the table 拿走桌子上的餐具
remove… to... 把……移到……
remove the painting to another wall 把画移到另一面墙上
3) with...in mind （做某事或采取适当行动时）考虑到某人或某事
with this/that in mind 考虑到这/那一点
with you in mind 为你考虑
on one’s mind 挂在心上的，惦念的；某人心里所想的
6. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130, 000 to around 10,000,
it also meant less food for the cats. The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their
stomachs—back to the native birds, killing up to 60,000 each year. 虽然病毒导致兔子数量从
13万只减少到1万只左右，但这也意味着猫的食物减少了。结果，这些猫把它们的注意
力和胃口都转回到了本地的鸟类身上，每年杀死多达6万只。
1) decrease from... to… 从……减少到……
The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease from 150 in 1850 to 26
today. 最近的暖期已导致冰川数量从1850年的150个下降到今天的26个。
2) in consequence 因此；结果
= consequently=as a consequence
=as a result
He worked bard, and in consequence he passed the examination.
他勤奋努力，结果通过了考试。
7. It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once
again. 结果它们对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。
turn out 结果是；最终是
I feel certain that it will all turn out well. 我觉得最后肯定一切都会很好。
It turns out that… 结果……
It turns out that I am right. 结果证明我是对的。
8. Then, in 2006, the rabbits" digging caused some land to collapse, and killed a substantial
number of penguins. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. 之后，在2006年，免子的挖掘导致一些土地塌陷，并使大量的企鹅死亡。这次事件清楚地表明，老鼠和兔子的问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
1) a substantial number of 大量的
The country bought a substantial number of weapons. 这个国家购买了大量武器。
2) once and for all 一劳永逸地；彻底地
The Supreme Court"s ruling should decide this matter once and for all.
最高法院的裁决将彻底解决这个问题。
拓展：
once and for all change 一次性变动
once and for all effect 一次性效应
all at once 忽然，突然；同时，一起
once for all 一劳永逸地；限此一次
9. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals. 它们经过训
练，在不伤害当地动物的情况下找到每一个猎物。
every last 每一个；全部
I want to enjoy every last minute of my day off. 我想要享受假期的每一分钟。
every last minute 每分钟
every last penny 每一分钱
10. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the
island to give it a happy ending. 对于这个伤心的故事而言，这次干预是一个漫长的、被推
迟了很久的结果，但是我们人类有愧于这个岛屿，应该给它一个美满的结局。
owe it to... to do… 应当为……做……
We owe it to ourselves to be the very best we can be. 我们要尽最大努力做最好的自己。
owe sth. to sb.=owe sb. sth. 欠某人的债；应当给予某人某物
You owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情哪！
Perhaps we owe these people more respect. 也许我们应该给予这些人更多的尊敬。
11. To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island by humans. 告知读者人类活动在
麦夸里岛造成的混乱。
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
inform 后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助介词of，构成 inform sb. of sth.结构。
Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.
地址如有变更，请尽早通知我们。
12. The red-eared slider, a species of freshwater turtle, is native to the Southern United States and
Northern Mexico. 红耳龟是一种淡水龟，原产于美国南部和墨西哥北部。
be native to 原产于（to是介词）
be native to China 原产于中国
go native 入乡随俗（幽默用法）
be home to 是……的所在地/出产地
13. Recent years have seen more and more pet sliders escaping or being released from homes, and
some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue. 近年来，越来越多的宠物
龟从家中逃脱或被放生，而且一些主人认为把它们放生到野外并不是什么大问题。
本句中，see意为“见证，目睹，发生，经历”，主语为 recent years，表示“最近这些年
目睹了……”。
主语（表无生命的事物）+see/find/witness +宾语 ……经历/发生/见证/目睹了……
see 意为“见证，目睹，发生，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作
主语，表示某时或某地“见证，目睹，发生，经历了某事”。
与 see 用法相同的动词有 find, witness, say, experience 等，这些词在句中作谓语，物作
主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
The lonely street found him wandering alone in the evening.
傍晚时分他在寂寥的大街上独自徘徊。
The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city.
我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。
14. Primary consumers rely on vegetation to provide energy. They feed on green plants.初级消费
者依靠植物提供能量。它们以绿色植物为食。
feed on 以……为食
feed on =live on
feed sb. /sth. on sth.=feed sth. to sb. /sth. 用……喂……
feed...up 给……吃食物，使……吃饱
Animals on the islands feed on grass. 岛上的动物以草为食。
15. Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers, as well as eating other animal matter. 次级
消费者捕食初级消费者，也吃其他动物的肉。
prey on 捕食；掠取
prey on animals 捕食动物
prey on the weak 弱肉强食
prey on the people 鱼肉百姓
prey on one’s mind 使某人苦恼
animal matter 动物有机物质
16. Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients. 分解者把死去的
动植物分解成营养物质。
break down 分解；出故障；(计划等)失败
Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
我们的汽车抛锚了，我们只好把它推到路旁。
break out(疾病、战争、火灾等)爆发
break in 强行进人；插话，打断
break into 破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
17. They absorb water, and take in nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun. 他们吸收水
分，从土壤中吸收养分，从太阳中吸收能量。
take in 吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.
过了几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
take in oxygen 吸人氧气
take in one’s words 理解某人的话
take sb. in 收留某人
be taken in 被骗，上当
Don’t be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.
不要相信那些声称能让你一周内就减肥的产品。
18. One of the oldest species in the ecosystem, the honey bee has been in existence for millions of
years. 作为生态系统中最古老的物种之一，蜜蜂已经存在了数百万年。
be in existence 存在（表状态）
come into existence/being 形成；产生，开始存在，出现（表动作）
How did the universe come into existence/ being first? 宇宙最初是怎么形成的？
19. Check it out for yourself… 自己去看看……
check out 调查；核实；检验
check out these names and numbers 检验一下姓名和号码
拓展：check in 在旅馆登记住宿；报到；签到；接收并登记（归还物品）
check in at the office building 在办公楼签到
20. Date, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas. 然后使用数据、例
子和比较来支持主要观点。
comparison n. 比较 compare v. 比较
comparison with 与……的比较
in comparison (with/to sth.) 与……相比，相比之下
by comparison (with sth.) 相比之下，(与……)相比较
Your conclusion is wrong in comparison with their conclusion.
你们的结论与他们的相比是错误的。
By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.
相比之下，去年教育经费增加了。
21. Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at
One with Nature Association.大家早上好。我很高兴在这里代表“与大自然融为一体”协
会做一个讲座。
on/in behalf of sb. =on/in sb.’s behalf 代替/代表某人；为了某人
On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.
我代表我们学校向您表示热烈的欢迎。
22. Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas? Is it the legendary father of Chinese
herbal medicine, Shennong, after whom the park is named? 是因为它的森林像绿色的大海
一样绵延不绝吗？是因为那座公园以传说中的中草药之父神农命名的吗？
1) stretch on and on 不断地延伸
stretch to the horizon 绵延到地平线
on and on 继续不断地
on and off 断断续续地，间歇地
2) be named after 以……命名
The machine is named after its inventor. 这台机器是以它的发明者（的名字）命名的。
by the name of 名叫……的
in the name of 以……的名义；在……的名下
call sb. names 骂某人
under the name of 以……为笔名
3) 本句中，after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Shennong，其中介词after是
根据定语从句中谓语动词name的搭配而来的。
“介词+whom/which”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时用 which，指人时用 whom，
而不能用 that 或 who 代替。
介词的搭配：
① 根据先行词的搭配习惯：
I remember the months in which I stayed here. 我还记得我在这里待过的几个月。
② 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯：
This is the book about which Tom often talks. 这就是汤姆经常谈论的那本书。
③ 根据句意：
I lost my glasses without which I can see nothing.
我的眼镜丢了，没有它我什么也看不见。
23. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the
ecological and biological processes that… 它也是世界上为数不多的一个地方，科学家可以
在那里实时观察……的生态和生物过程。
rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的
a rare book/coin/animal 珍贵的书/硬币
a rare animal 稀有动物
It is rare for sb. to do sth. 某人很少做某事
It is rare to do sth. 做某事很少见
It’s very rare to find these birds in Yantai and Weihai in winter.
在烟台和威海，冬天很少能看到这种鸟。
注意：
rarely是具有否定意义的副词，置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Rarely does he go out for dinner. 他很少在外面吃饭。
24. The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. 海拔高度的巨大
变化导致了气候条件的巨大差异。
altitude n. 海拔（高度）
at an altitude of 在……的海拔上/高度
at high/low altitudes 在高/低海拔地区
At the moment we’re flying over the North Pacific at an altitude of 10,000 meters.
此刻我们正在北太平洋上空飞行，高度是一万米。
25. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as living
fossils. 有些动植物已经存活了数百万年，被认为是活化石。
be regarded as 被当作是……
Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round
forms of exercise. 如今，骑行和慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最好的全面运动方式之一。
26. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey"s population has doubled since the 1980s. 在他们的努力
下，猴子的数量自20世纪80年代以来翻了一番。
thanks to 多亏；由于；因为
thanks to the timely treatment 由于及时的治疗
thanks to the recent research 多亏近来的研究
表示“由于，因为”的短语还有：due to，owing to， because of， as a result of, in
consequence of.
The sports meeting was put off due to the rain. 由于下雨，运动会推迟了。
Owing to his careless driving, he had an accident. 由于他粗心驾驶，他出了车祸。
He is absent because of illness. 他因病缺席。
27. …the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. ……神农架的
蜜蜂已经与当地人共存了几个世纪。
coexist with 与……共存
Newspaper Web sites can coexist with the newspapers and still bring in healthy profit
margins. 网络报纸可以与纸质报纸共存，仍能带来不错的利润。
28. By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. 通过给
蜜蜂提供一个安全的家，村民们收集它们的蜂蜜作为回报。
secure 稳固的；安全的
a secure… 安全的/稳定的……
be/feel secure about… 对……有把握
be/feel secure about the future 不必为将来担忧
in return 作为回报
In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.
作为回报，沙皇送给了他一支最好的军队
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