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一、词汇
devote /dvt/ vt . 把……献(给)；把……用于；专心于
devote ... to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
She devoted herself to her career.
她全身心投入于自己的事业中。
shortage /td/ n. 不足；缺少；短缺
Vietnam is suffering from food shortage.
越南正遭受食品短缺之苦。
tackle /tkl/ vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
The government is determined to tackle inflation.
政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。
crisis /krass/ n.(pl. crises /-si:z/) 危机；危急关头
The ruling party was facing an identity crisis.
执政党当时正面临着自身认同的危机。
boost /bu:st/ vt. 使增长；使兴旺
n. 增长；提高；激励
Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego.
得到那份工作使他信心倍增。
Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.
赢得了那场比赛使她士气大振。
convince /knvns/ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
You"ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
attain /ten/ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到
Most of our students attained five ‘A’ grades in their exams.
我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。
characteristic /krktrstk/
n. 特征；特点；品质
adj. 典型的；独特的
The two groups of children have quite different characteristics.
这两组儿童具有截然不同的特点。
She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
她说话带着特有的热情。
conventional /knvennl/ adj. 传统的；习惯的
She"s very conventional in her views.
她的观点很守旧。
assumption /smpn/ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
His actions were based on a false assumption.
他的行为基于错误的设想。
tense /tens/ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
It was a day of tense and often ill-tempered debate.
那天的辩论紧张激烈，常常火药味十足。
overcome /vkm/ vt. (overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
expand /kspnd/ vt. & vi. 扩大；增加
vt. 扩展；发展(业务)
Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
学生人数在迅速增加。
output /atpt/ n. 产量；输出；输出量
vt. (output, output)输出
Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.
工业产量增长了8%。
Computers can now output data much more quickly. 现在计算机能更快地输出数据。
estimate /estmet/ vt. 估计；估价；估算
n. 估计；估算
Police estimate the crowd at 30 000.
警方估计聚集的人有3万。
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
domestic /dmestk/ adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
产量包括出口和国内市场销售两部分。
consumption /knsmpn/ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费
In the developing world cigarette consumption is increasing.
在发展中国家香烟消费正在增长。
comprise /kmpraz/ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成
be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
The task force is comprised of congressional leaders, cabinet heads and administration officials.
工作小组由国会领导人、内阁首脑和行政官员组成。
generate /denret/ vt. 产生；引起
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
这项建议引起众多的关注。
leisure /le/ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
如今我们有更多的钱和空闲时间来享受了。
deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
He seems confident but deep down he"s quite insecure.
他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。
soil /sl/ n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土
Plant the seedlings in damp soil.
把幼苗种在湿润的土壤里。
celebrity /slebrti/ n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
In 1944, at the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.
1944年，30岁的赫西突然成了一位名人。
grain /ɡren/ n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
Corn is America"s most important grain.
玉米是美国最重要的谷物。
vision /vn/ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像
It causes blindness or serious loss of vision.
这会引起失明或严重的视力衰退。
reality /rilti/ n. 现实；实际情况；事实
Fiction and reality were increasingly blurred.
小说与现实越来越混淆难分。
salty /slti/ adj. 含盐的；咸的
The dish is too salty.
菜太咸了。
urban /bn/ adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的
Most urban areas are close to a park.
大多数城区都靠近公园。
bomb /bm/ n. 炸弹
vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹
Bombs went off at two London train stations. 炸弹在伦敦的两个火车站爆炸了。
Air force jets bombed the airport.
空军喷气机轰炸了机场。
extension /kstenn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
She can get me on extension 308.
她可以通过分机308找到我。
chemical /kemikl/ adj. 与化学有关的；化学的
n. 化学制品；化学品
All industrial chemical plants produce
waste effluents. 所有工业化工厂都会排放废水。
The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals in agriculture. 整个食物链受到了化学物质在农业中过度使用的影响。
wheat /wi:t/ n. 小麦；小麦籽
Canada produces wheat and furs.
加拿大出产小麦和毛皮。
flavour (NAmE-vor) /flev/ n. 味道；特点；特色
This yogurt comes in ten different flavours.
这种酸奶有十种不同的味道。
nutritional /njutrnl/ adj. 营养(物)的
It does sometimes help to know the nutritional content of foods.
了解食物的营养成份有时的确有用。
nutrition /njutrn/ n. 营养；滋养
There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat.
有能替代动物肉类的其他营养来源。
organic /ɡnk/ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
Improve the soil by adding organic matter.
加入有机物以改良土壤。
widespread /wadspred/ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
The plan received widespread support throughout the country.
这项计划得到了全国的普遍支持。
in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
The children called out their names in turn.
孩子们逐一自报姓名。
essential /senl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的
Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a child"s development.
大多数权威人士认为玩耍是孩子成长的一个重要部分。
digest /dadest/ vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟
/dadest/ n. 摘要；文摘
Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。
He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.
他停了一会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。
The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.
该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
mineral /mnrl/ n. 矿物；矿物质
The product provided inadequate vitamin
and mineral supplementation.
这种产品不能充分补充维生素和矿物质。
grocery /ɡrsri/ n.食品杂货店; [pl.]食品杂货
They run a small grocery store.
他们经营一家小食品杂货店。
alternative /ltntv/ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的
There is a vegetarian alternative on the menu every day.
每天的菜单上另有素食餐点。
Do you have an alternative solution?
你有没有别的解决办法？
depth /depθ/ n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
The depth of the shaft is 520 yards.
这个通道的深度是520码。
instance /nstns/ n. 例子；实例；事例
for instance 例如；比如
What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?
比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
root /ru:t/ n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
Tree roots can cause damage to buildings.
树根会给大楼造成损害。
entirely /ntali/ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地
I entirely agree with you.
我完全同意你的看法。
aspect /spekt/ n. 方面；层面
The book aims to cover all aspects of city life. 这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。
二、句型：
1. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 事实上，他瘦小但结实的身躯看起来和农民一样，而他为千千万万中国农民奉献了一生。
“介词to+关系代词whom”引导定语从句，修饰that of millions of Chinese farmers。介词to与从句中的谓语动词devote构成devote…to...结构。
使用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点：
在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom (先行词指人), which (先行词指物)和whose (表示所属关系)。
“介词+关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
devote one"s life/energy/time/money/attention to (doing) sth.
把某人的生命/精力/时间/金钱/注意力用于(做)某事
2. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平坚信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince him to learn medicine 说服他去学医
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince them of our adventure
使他们相信我们的冒险经历
convinced adj. 确信的；深信的；坚信的
be convinced of… 确信；相信
be convinced that... 确信……
be/feel firmly convinced that... 确信；笃信；坚信
3. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时普遍认为这是做不到的。
on the assumption that... 假设……
make assumptions about 对……做出假设
make the assumption that... 假设……
Some cyclists make the assumption that traffic laws do not apply to them. It is not true, though. 有些骑自行车的人想当然地认为交通法规对他们不适用。但这不是真的。
assume vt. 以为；假设
It is generally/usually assumed that...
普遍/通常认为……
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，工作量过大是导致压力的原因。
assuming (that)… 假定……
4. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan"s hybrid strains… 据估计，目前中国国内大约60%的大米消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种生产的作物……
lt is estimated that... 据估计……，“It is +过去分词+that...”中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
该句式可以转换为“Sb. /Sth. +be +过去分词+不定式”和“People +动词+that…”。
It is said that they won the game. = They are said to have won the game. = People say that they won the game.
be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)( = consist of = be made up of = be composed of)
The committee is comprised of/consists of/is made up of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。
generate new ideas 产生新创意
generate interest 引起兴趣
generation n. 产生；一代
the generation of electricity 发电
the younger/older generation 年轻／年老一代
5. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. 袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国人，也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。
not just…but...as well 不仅……而且……，相当于not only…but (also)…，连接两个并列的成分。
not only…but (also)...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首表示强调，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。
Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
对这件事不仅老师们有自己的看法，学生们也有自己的想法。
not only...but(also)...接并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近一致”原则。
depend on 依靠，依赖
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人获得某物
depend on sb. to do sth. /doing sth.
指望某人做某事
It (all) depends. /That depends. 那得看情况。
6. However, this is far from the case. 然而, 事实远非如此。
far from (being) the case 远非如此
far from (doing) sth. 几乎相反；远非
It is far from clear what he intends to do.
他打算做什么一点儿都不清楚。
7. Given that Yuan"s hybrids have made him quite wealthy… 鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有……
given可用作介词，表示“只要是，考虑到，假定，已知”，“given + that从句”意思是“考虑到，鉴于……”，相当于considering，如：
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
辨析：附属连接词given that和providing that
given that是用来标记已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”；providing或providing that则用来标记未知的条件或假设，意思是“如果，只是”。
made him quite wealthy是“make +宾语+宾语补足语(形容词) ”结构，表示“使……成为”。
8. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at hear. 在内心深处， 袁隆平仍然还是一个农民。
Deep down I still loved him.
我在内心深处仍然爱着他。
She seems indifferent, but deep down she"s very pleased.
她貌似无动于衷，其实心里非常高兴。
go/run deep (情感、信仰等)强烈；深厚；深入内心
9. To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture. 为了应对这场危机，他选择学习农业。
deal with 处理，对付
You"ll deal with it personally? Good.
你将亲自处理这件事吗？太好了。
10. He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes on. 他是个很好的演员，他演每一个角色都很投入。
take on 承担
I can"t take on any extra work.
我不能承担任何额外工作。
11. Students are encouraged to try a variety of free-time activities to reduce the intense stress from studying. 学生们被鼓励尝试各种各样的业余活动以减轻学习带来的巨大压力。
a variety of 各种各样的
He resigned for a variety of reasons.
他由于种种原因辞职了。
12. Newspapers should pay less attention to media celebrities and more attention to our national heroes. 报纸应该少关注媒体名人，多关注我们的民族英雄。
pay attention to 注意
I didn"t pay attention to what she was
saying.
我没有注意她在说什么。
13. Our general manager tried his best to help overcome the difficulties we were facing during the financial crisis. 我们的总经理尽了最大的努力帮助我们克服了金融危机期间面临的困难。
try one"s best to do sth.
尽某人的最大努力做某事
I tried my best to soothe his anger.
我尽力劝慰他不要生气。
14. The shelter, which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs... 这个避难所，可以保护多达8000人免受战时炸弹的袭击……
protect...from 保护……免受……
= protect...against
They set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted.
他们设立野生动物保护区，保护动物免受猎杀。
阻止……做某事：
stop... (from) doing sth. / prevent... (from) doing sth. / keep...from doing sth.
15. Then businessmen decided to make use of it to grow green vegetables to meet increasing consumption demands. 于是商人们决定利用它来种植绿色蔬菜，以满足日益增长的消费需求。
make use of 使用；利用
use前可用full, good等修饰，表示利用的程度：
make good use of your time 好好利用你的时间
make full use of the opportunity 充分利用这个机会
近义: take advantage of / make the best of / make the most of
16. The vegetables are grown in special liquids instead of the earth that is used as in conventional farming. 这些蔬菜是在特殊的液体中种植的，而不是像传统农业那样种植在泥土中。
instead of 代替，而不是
Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
17. …this kind of urban farming could help not only in tackling the problem of population growth, but also in adapting to climate change. ……这种城市农业不仅有助于解决人口增长问题，而且有助于适应气候变化。
not only...but also... 不但……而且……(连接两个并列的成分)
She"s not only a great dramatic actress but
she"s also very funny.
她不仅是一位伟大的女戏剧演员，而且也很幽默。
adapt to 适应
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
人类将继续以普通的和惊人的方式适应气候变化。
adapt oneself to 使某人自己适应……
18. Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket, which have been grown using chemical fertilisers. 祖母一直在抱怨超市里卖的蔬菜，都是用化肥种出来的。
complain about sth. 抱怨某事
The students began complaining about how cold it would be. 学生们开始抱怨天气会有多寒冷。
complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
make a complaint to sb. about sth.
向某人抱怨某事
19. Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them. 既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的岗位中退休了，如何度过他们的退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。
now that引导原因状语从句，在口语中that可以省去，now仍表示“既然”。
Now (that) it is raining, let’s stay in the cabin for a break.
既然下雨了，我们在小屋里休息一下吧。
就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当since, now that引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能再加so。
既然你已准备好了，那我们现在就出发吧。
Now that you are ready, so we set off now. (×)
Now that you are ready, we set off now. (√)
retire from 从……离职/退休
I have decided to retire from Formula One racing at the end of the season.
我已经决定在这个赛季末结束一级方程式赛车生涯。
20. The evidence is usually mentioned at the start of a sentence. 证据通常在句首被提及。
at the start of 在……的开头
Things didn"t look too hopeful at the start of the year.
在年初，情况显得并不十分美妙。
21. Listen out for key words like report, research, studies, figures, findings, etc. 听一些关键词，比如报告、调查、研究、数字、发现等。
listen out for sth. 留心听(某种声音)
Can you listen out for the doorbell?
你能留心听着门铃吗？
22. Use the expressions to help you communicate with your group members. 使用这些表达来帮助你和你的小组成员交流。
communicate with sb. 与某人交流Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
海豚用声音相互沟通。
23. Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业(中)得到了广泛的应用。
be in use 在应用中
The chapel was built in the 12th century
and is still in use today.
这座小教堂建于12世纪，今天仍在使用。
24. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 这影响到生长在土地上的作物，进而影响到消化吸收它们的动物和人类。
辨析：in turn与in return
in turn 转而，相应地(从反面角度看问题)。
All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
in return作为回报(用于报答某人)，可单独使用，也可与介词for连用。in return for 作为对……的回报/回应。
Smile at someone and you are sure to get a smile in return.
对人微笑，别人定会回报你以微笑。
25. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. 有机种植的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。
keep...free of/from 使……免受(影响、伤害等）；使……不含(有害物）
keep children free of sickness
使孩子远离疾病
keep the wound free from the dirt
避免伤口沾上污物
26. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. 例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。
If you smell something unusual (gas fumes or burning, for instance), take the car to your mechanic.
如果你闻到了异味（例如汽油味或燃烧味），就把车送到修理工那里。
in this instance 在这种情况下；在这一点上
in the first instance 第一，首先
27. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. 有机种植的农民还种植多种不同的作物，使用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。
deep adj. 深的→depth n. 深度→deepen v. 加深
strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 强度→strengthen v. 加强，增强，巩固
long adj.长的→length n. 长度→lengthen v. (使)变长
wide adj. 宽的→ width n. 宽度→widen v. 加宽
high adj. 高的→ height n. 高度→ heighten v. 提高
28. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. 例如，花生长在土地的浅层，但许多其他蔬菜都扎根很深。
have one"s root in 根植于
take root 扎根
一词多义: root v. 扎根于
root in 扎根于
be rooted in 根植于
a dream which is rooted in my heart
扎根于我心底深处的梦想
29. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. 阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学种植满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
keep...from doing sth. 阻止......做某事
stop...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school.
可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法去上学。
keep…doing sth. 表示“让……一直做某事”
30. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 而有机种植远不能满足这种需求。
nowhere near 远非；远远不
nowhere位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词be提到主语前面。
Nowhere else could Mary go except California.
除了加利福尼亚州，玛丽无处可去。
三、语法
(1)使用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点：
在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom (先行词指人)，which (先行词指物)和whose (表示所属关系)。
“介词+关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that who代替which/whom，也可省略关系代词。
介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。
(2) lt is estimated that... 据估计……， “It is +过去分词+that...” 中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
(3)辨析：附属连接词given that和providing that：
(4)now that引导原因状语从句，在口语中that可以省去，now仍表示“既然”。
当since, now that引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能再加so。
(5)辨析：in turn与in return
主语从句
在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：
从属连词：在从句中不作成分
连接代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词：在从句中作状语
一、引导主语从句的连接词
(1)从属连词: that, whether/if
① that在从句中不充当句子成分，也无意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.
吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。
② whether在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末。而if引导的主语从句不能放在句首，只能放在句末。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet. 其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role. 她是否要演这个角色还很难说。
(2)连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等
连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who will bring up the child hasn"t been decided yet. 谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown. 还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
(3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, when
where, why, how在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。
When we will set off hasn"t been decided.
我们何时出发还没有决定。
Why he spied on me puzzled me for a long time.
他为什么监视我这个问题困扰了我很长时间。
How he earned his living before is not clear to us. 我们不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。
二、用it作形式主语的主语从句
当主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1) It+be+形容词+that从句
常用于该句型的形容词有clear, obvious , true, natural, possible, likely, certain, fortunate, strange, necessary, important等。
It is clear that the girl told a lie.
很明显，那个女孩说了谎。
(2) It+be+名词(词组) +that从句
常用于该句型的名词(词组)有a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。
It is a pity that your parents didn"t permit you to go with us.
你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。
(3) It+be+过去分词+that从句
常用于该句型的过去分词有said, believed, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested, hoped等。
It is reported that a violent earthquake happened in Japan.
据报道，日本发生了强烈地震。
(4) It+不及物动词(短语) + that从句
常用于该句型的不及物动词(短语)有seem (看上去), turn out (证明是), happen (碰巧), appear (显得)等。
It happened that he was out that day.
碰巧他那天不在家。
(5)其他句型
It doesn"t matter whether he likes it or not.他喜不喜欢它都没有关系。
It makes no difference whether you support my plan or not. 你是否支持我的计划不重要。
It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
我突然想起我把钱包落在家里了。
三、使用主语从句的注意事项
(1)主语从句应用陈述语序
Whether he will be in time for the meeting is doubtful. 他能否赶上会议还很难说。
(2)主谓一致问题
①单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数应与作表语的名词一致。
What astronauts need in the spaceship is oxygen. 宇航员在宇宙飞船中需要的是氧气。
What the children in the area starve for are books. 这个地区的孩子渴望得到的是书。
②用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们何时动身，要去哪里，还没定下来。
When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.
会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。
③whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果whether从句在句首或后面直接跟or not时，不能换成if。
It has not been decided yet whether/if he will cut down his novel.
=Whether he will cut down his novel has not been decided yet.
他是否删减自己的小说还没决定。
I don"t know whether or not my son can earn his living.
我不知道儿子是否能自力更生
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit5 Working the Land》，同时在此感谢原作者。
