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整理 兰桂姬LANAUGAEE
over and over again一遍又一遍，believe sb相信某人,believe in sb信任某人，agree with/to同意/on sth达成共识，in many different shapes形状，be in good shape,保持身材或状态很好，be out of shape状况不好，fall down倒塌，fall off 从xx掉下来，look for找的过程，find找的结果，will只是现场决定，临时起意，客观上将要发生的，it is going to snow某人主观上判断会下雪，tomorrow will be national holiday，祈使句，and/or+陈述句: work hard,and you will pass the exam, blender搅拌器，put up 张贴，举起，cut up切碎， need i go there? yes,you must, no you neednt/you dont have to, fill,fill with,be filled of= be full of充满， 肯定祈使句 do +动词原形，have a seat please/be + 表语 be kind to yourself，/let+宾语+动词原形，let me help you，否定祈使句，don"t let her go，let her not go ，a piece of paper/advice,two pieces of paper/advice纸张，be prepared for/get ready for,take/have a exam, until的不同用法区别we walked and walked 持续走until it was dark/ we didn"t begin walk 开始走，点的动作until it was dark， look after= take care of, look out小心，look up 查阅，at the end of在xx末尾, look up to尊敬,look down on/upon看低，look back on回顾， so that以便=in order that引导目的状语从句，surprise at/to do, what good advice you gave me! keep..to oneself,藏秘密，keep doing =go on doing，less和ful都是构成形容词的词缀，advise sb to do/advise doing建议做某事，experience经验是不可数，经历是可数，主情从现，主祈从现，look Forward to doing，听起来像，Iit doesnt sound like you have a fever, see sb doing/do前者指看到整个过程，后者指动作，lie平躺，位于lay，lain，lying， lie说谎lied，lied，lying， lay下蛋 laid，laid，laying，without thinking twice/a second thought/hesitation毫不犹豫，get on/off上下车，hand in 上交，hand out /give out分发,用光，耗尽，hit sb on头，身，鼻子，背，硬部/in脸，嘴，眼软部，have trouble （in）doing，ill只能做表语，sick可以做表语也可作定语， be used to+v ing习惯于xx，be可用get和become代替， be used to do/for被用来xx，used to do 过去常做某事，mean to do打算做，mean doing 意味着，mean that从句，dying垂死的adj， should后直接跟动词原形，用于第一人称主语的提问疑问句，表建议could比can更委婉，volunteer to do， notice注意 sb do sth，notice sb doing sth， alone独自一人，lonely心理和精神上孤独的 care for=look after=take care of， several =a few=some， such a/an 形容词+可数和不可数名词/ such+ 形容词+可数和不可数名词；
so+形容词和副词/ so + 形容词+a和an+单数名词/so + much，many，few，little，不可以修饰不可数名词，on ones own=by oneself， take after= be similar to指性格而非外貌上的像， make it possible for sb to do sth， make no difference to对xx没有影响， had better，使役动词，感官动词后不定式省略to， could you please..?肯定回答 sure，no problem，of cause，certainly，否定回答sorry，i cant， little-less-least， throw down bag，throw at向xx扔去， the minite引导从句，一xx就，主将从现，neither he nor i am like her 主句谓语就近原则， as soon as 一xx就，主从句时态灵活会一致， in order that从句，do ones part in doing 尽某人职责做某事，take care当心，注意，could i……?肯定用OK that should be OK，否定，no，you cant， 表过去的能力 i could sing when i was four years old, allow sb to do/be allowed to do /allow doing， find sb doing sth，look through快速浏览，a good/deal of许多大量 不可数名词，argue with sb about sth，instead，副词，代替，instead of介词短语，whatever引导宾语从句和让步状语从句，offer to do 主动提出做，offer sb sth，mind sb doing介意，compete with和xx竞争，in ones opinion， cut out删除，切下来，停止 continue to do，continue doing，compare with和xx做比较，compare to 把xx比作，why don"t you do。sth = why not do sth， what/how。about doing（sth）? lets ……shall we?until肯定是直到xx为止，持续性，否定句中是直到xx才，非 持续性，so that，in order that目的状语从句常跟情态动词，so that表结果时没有情态动词，he begin to study/studying，fell asleep形容词修饰fell强调动作，beat his team by1 :2，try on，remind that，remind sb of sth，remind sb to do ， 后置定语call修饰name，his name called tom, couldn"t stop doing， nobody=no one，large，small修饰population，feel free to，touristy适合旅游的，include包含，including包括xx在内，out of conditions健康状况不佳，he succeeded in doing，in the face of challenge，die from死于外部原因，疾病灾害车祸die of，死于内部原因，衰老，abroad只能和from连用，at home and， abroad在国内外，make some progress，encourage sb to do， thousands of不确定的成千上万要＋s，确定的一千人不＋s，a thousand students，sweet memories，检查，审查check，查看观察check out，as for me对我来说，regard as， consider接名词，代词，动名词和从句，since用法， i have known her since 2003/two yeara ago/i was a little girl，现在完成时还常和for连用 i have bought这里不能用buy这个非连续性动词/had the book for 3 years，the film has started错/been on 对for half an hour，borrow-have kept，buy-have had，die-have been dead，leave-have been away，catch a cold-have had，marry-have been married，asleep-have been asleep， by accident=by chance 偶然地，little by little逐渐地，非谓语动词包括动词，过去分词，动名词。 动名词-主语表经常性和习惯性的动作playing football with friends makes tom happy 作表语 the meaning of the word is asking for help 作宾语 do you mind my closing the window? need do 常用于疑问句，条件句，否定句，need to do实义动词，need doing=need to be done实义动词以主动表被动the flower needs watering， aloud常和call，read连用，强调声音不高但也不是窃窃私语，loud强调声音高，speak，talk，laugh连用，have to do ，finish doing sth，be afraid to do，be afraid of sth/doing，be afraid that，正式语言although比较多，省略句中though比较多，everyone is born with the ability to learn，interest in doing对xx很感兴趣，during or after class， 修饰不行代词形容词要置后something interesting，在句子中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，从句是陈述句形态，that引导的宾语从句，that不充当任何成分，口语可省略，whether/if引导，不作成分，但口语不可省略， 连接代词who，which，whose等引导的在从句中作相应的主语，不可省略， 连接副词when，how，why引导的不可省略，宾语从句否定转移 i think he cant play guitar错，i don"t think he can play guitar对，he doesn"t think he can play guitar错，he think he cant play guitar对，i don"t believe That"s his fault，is it? i don"t think Jack looks like his father，does he? 两个条件，主语是第一人称，主句的谓语动词一定是表示think ，suppose，imagine，expect，believe，guess等想，认为意义的动词时，后面从句若是否定意义则转移到主句中，其反义疑问中的人称和时态和从句保持一致。宾语从句的时态-当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，从句可用所需的任何时态，如果宾语从句表示客观真理则用一般现在时，由并列连词连接的两个或多个that引导的宾语从句只有第一个可以省略，其他保留，he said that the。film is great and。that he wants to see it again。从句套从句时不能省略 iam afraid that if you have lost it，you must pay for it。it做形式宾语时不能省略，we had made clear that we will help them，宾从的主语是this和that或被this that修饰时 he said that this is a joke，当宾从是双宾语中的直接宾语时he told me间接宾语 that this problem is very common直接宾语，当宾语前有插入语时，we hope，onthe contrary，that we can go。只用whether不用if的情况 引导介词后面的宾从时，i am interested in whether he likes English，与or not 连用时let me know whether he has passed the exam or not，与不定式连用i。really don"t know whether to refuse or accept 宾从置于句首时whether they can come here on time，we don"t care， 后面只能接whether引导的宾从的动词leave，doubt，put，discuss， i doubt。whether he will keep his promise，注意 如果表示如果的意思就只能用if，please tell me if 如果you need help/please tell me whether是否 you need help这个意思表达更清晰。admire sb for sth, in ＋一段时间和将来时连用，wonder about想知道，wonder at对xx感到惊奇，with wonder惊奇的，one...and the other超过两个不要使用，lie behind在...背后，
为了平衡句子结构，倒装句有部分倒装-谓语的部分动词如助动词和情态动词置于主语前，和全部到装-谓语动词全部置于主语前 there comes the bus，up went the rocket， 常见：1,so...that,such...that 2, so+be/助/情,neither+be/助/情 3，only+状语 4，often,always,usually,seldom... 5,no,never,not...not only,by no means... 5,no sooner..than, hardly..when 6, adj. /adv/v/n + as, though, 7,if 虚拟语气,
Only after talking to two students did i discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
Only when our identity has been checked will you be allowed in.
punish for因...惩罚，punish with用...惩罚 warn sb against提醒警告堤防，warn about警告，疑问词引导从句做宾语，从句用陈述句，语序为疑问词＋主语＋谓语， i want to know what you ate, 当疑问词部分做从句的主语时，在变为宾语从句时，仍用原句的语序，what has happen to him? do you know what has happen to him?一般疑问句变宾语从句，引导词用if或whether，i dont know if lisa is a teacher,陈述句语序，across在表面进行横过，穿过，一边到另一边， yet副词，尚未，还，常用否定和疑问句中和句末，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生，常用于现在完成时， pardon sb for doing sth， rush off匆匆离去，rush up冲上，in a rush hour，shout at sb带指责，批评意味的大喊，shout to 不带指责和批评的大喊，shout out突然喊出，scary指对象和物是可怕的，suggest sth 建议某事，suggest doing sth，suggest..that sb(should)do sth（虚拟） 修饰比较级，a little，much，rather，even，far，不可以用so，very，too，quite修饰!used to 过去尝尝，跟动词原形，be used to sth/doing表示习惯，适应某事， be used for。被当做be of use有用的，be in use在使用 make use of sth利用某事，take up 开始从事，dare to do， not...anymore=no more，he
doesn"t come late anymore=he no more comes late，there are crowds of people，be absent from缺席，take pride in=be proud of为...感到自豪，be nervous about+doing， seldom =hardly ever，置于实义动词前，助动词，系动词和情态动词后，
advise doing sth.建议做某事。 be always doing sth。 Be made into被制成， be widely known..广为人知。 it seems that...引导表语从句，似乎，看起来像. when in trouble状语从句的省略句，当主句主语和从句主语相同且从句中有be动词时，可以把从句中的主语以及be动词省略 i saw him while(i was) waiting for the bus/ he fell asleep when(he was)on duty. Be covered with系表结构侧重于食物的状态，可翻译为“到处都是”， be covered by被动语态，被...覆盖，强调覆盖这个动作。 are lit时被动语态结构，被点燃。 light作及物动词意为，点燃，过去式和过去分词都是lit。 Take place 非偶然性时间的发生，有某种原因或实现的安排 happen 碰巧发生，偶然或突发性时间 it happened that... 都没有被动语态， without doubt毫无疑问的，salty咸的，divide into把xx分开，divide...between/among在..之间分配，divide...up分割分配，behind the times落后，take ones time不用急 be popular with sb受xx欢迎，encourage sb in sth，come from=be come，come over顺便来访，job具体的工作，可数，work不可数，part time job，ear pierce lift强调把物体提离地面lift package，raise强调动作姿态，raise hands，talk back to 顶嘴，regret＋名词/代词/that/to do未做/doing已做，be strict with sb，be strict in sth对某事严格，sometime未来不确定的某个时间，some time一些时间 肯定句中must can could may might表示肯定的程度递减，he must一定 know，he cant一定不 know，must表推测时可表现在/过去/正在进行，may表推测时可用于否定但不能用疑问句，could/might一般用过去推测比can/may更加委婉，can在肯定句表理论上的可能性，smoking can cause cancer，cant/couldn"t最有把握的否定，may not/might not没有把握，疑问句中一般只用can/could表达推测，attend a meeting正式，join加入，join in参加小规模活动，take part in参加群众性活动，宾格中的whom可用who替换，但如果whom有介词修饰不可替换，while表一段时间，表对照关系，receive被动地收到，accept主动接受，但表接见，接待时要用receive，another三个或三个以上的泛指另一个，the other是两个之中。
定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词/代词(先行词)的从句，由关系代词which，whose，that，who，whom和关系副词when，where，why来引导<放在先行词和定语从句之间> 先行词是人＋物，用that，物用which，人用who，i prefer music that has great lyrics,先行词是不定代词如something的只能用that引导，i love the music that i can dance to， prefer＋名词/to do/动名词， prefer sb to do sth，prefer a to b a和b中更喜欢a，prefer to do sth rather than do sth，prefer doing a than to doing b， sb be supposed to do=should，suppose that... continue to this day延续至今， it is pity that...可惜的是，he bowed his thanks鞠躬致谢，attitude to/toward sb，drop by/in顺便拜访，drop behind落后，drop on， never和seldom的肯定句用反义疑问时谓语用肯定 they never/seldom speak English，do/does they? be rude to对xx粗鲁，wipe mouth with napkin擦嘴，stick sth into把xx插入，go out of ones way to do竭尽全力做某事，bother about sth/doing sth，bother to do sth， make 用法:make ＋宾语＋宾补，it makes me happy 2 it做形式宾语 computer makes it easier to learn English 3接名词，动词和过去分词等做宾补，they all want to make Jim their monitor，i speak loudly in order to make my voice heard， make sb/sth ＋省略to的不定式 our teacher often make us retell the texts=>变被动语态时需还原to， we are often made to retell the texts by teacher, would rather do sth=prefer to do， 比较级 would rather do...than do... drive sb crazy=make sb crazy， to be felt left out被冷落， feel like doing=want to do sth，call sb in召回，call sth in回收，neither..nor/either..or谓语单复数就近原则，both用复数，keep ones eyes on盯着，keep an eye on 留意照看， thanks to 常用反语，多亏，due to因..造成＋doing，accidents due to driving too fast very very common，owing to因为， kick sb off = kick sb out of开除，be hard on sb对..很严厉，beside近似 also，moreover，in addition，pull together齐心协力，to his surprise and relief令他感到惊讶和欣慰的是，by the time相当于when，常与过去完成时连用，give...a lift捎了一程,给人提升，be。about。to打算，将要，正准备，waiting in line排队，i thought to myself我心里想， heard about听说，even though虽然，引导让步状语从句，in disbelief不相信，alive活着的，作表语或宾语，放在后面，living作表语时可和alive互换，作定语时要放在前面 play tricks/jokes on sb， end up doing sth， get married to sb=sb married sb短暂，be married to sb延续性， make a difference to，hear of听说，be harmful to/do harm to...，afford＋不定式， in a hurry匆忙地，in no hurry不慌不忙地，hurry to do匆忙地做，be put to good use被好好利用，most=very/quite，built...out of用..建造，pull。down拆下，turned upside down倒转，bring back to life回春，help oneself to自便
高中部
add up to总计，be concerned about/for=care about关心，be concerned with涉及， 虚拟: should have done过去的虚拟本该做单没做， neednt have done本不必做，would rather not have done宁愿当时没做。 but for/without/under...引出虚拟条件，but for 要不是the sudden rain we should have a good time。 i neednt 本不该to use a clock to wake me up because at six each morning the train comes by my house。get through接通，通过，look through，浏览，装作视而不见，go through经历经受，through动作用从空间进行如森林，城市，隧道；set down/write down/note down/put down写下，放下put down，制定，使...下车，set off出发强调离开，引爆， set out to do/set about doing/get down to doing着手开始做某事，set aside把xx搁置一边，腾出来，set back推迟，set foot出发，set forth出发，阐明，强调前进，set out强调出去，it occurred to sb that，pure and simple完全的，不折不扣的 it is the first time..that 现在完成时，that was the first time..that 过去完成时，改句:she said to her son,"i will check you homework tonight."=she said to her son that she would chek her son"s homework that night. 如果是事实习惯，自然现象和真理，名言警句，转述事实不侧重动作时，不用改变时态，the boy said,"i found the dog just at.the edge.of the.."=the boy said he found the dog just... 直接引语有确定的时间状语时转述也不用改变时态，he said," the story took place in 1930s."=he said that the story took place，直接引语中有since，while，when等引导表示过去的时间状语的也不用变，he said，"it is many years since he came..."=he said that it is..since he came..间接引语中有..days ago时要注意是从说话时算起，he said，"i met him 3 days ag-n you lend me money?” he asked me. => he asked me if i could lend him money.” 3建议祈使句(坚持，命令，建议，要求） “let’s hold a meeting tonight.” he said to us=> he suggested that we should hold a meeting that night. Beauty comes from within.
keep one’s figure保持身材=stay in shape，i was my sister who first has the idea to cycle along mekong river from where it begins to where is ends强调句，give away泄露，强调句分析(去掉it was和that再看被强调的先行词在句中的成分): 1 it was Mary who/that gave away the secret主语 2 it was my bike that i lost yesterday宾语 3 it was yesterday that i have lost my bike时间状语 4 it was because i was stuck in the traffic that i came late原因状语，疑问句be＋it＋被强调的成分＋特殊疑问词＋that，1 是因为你被迟到才被骂的吗? you got scolded because you were late=> was it because you were late that you got scolded? 2 是谁写了这部剧?who wrote this good play?=> was it who that wrote this good play?= who was it that wrote this play。强调句＋定语从句it was the hotel where they met first time that she meet Tom， insist on/upon坚持＋sth/doing sth， 虚拟语气:坚持insist，命令order，command，建议advise，require，suggest，propose，recommend，要求ask，demand，require，desire，request ，宾语从句用should=>she insist that she should accept his advice，例外当insist是坚持说而不是"认为"的时候不用虚拟语气，she insisted that you are wrong。
Sam insisted that he hadn’t broken the law and (should)not be punished. Care about = be concerned about, care for = take care of照顾， come across= run across= bump into, give back归还 ,settle down安静下来，定居下来， it becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys travelling across现在分词作伴随状语 western Yunnan province. The manager approached us smiling（逻辑关系是 manager笑，主动关系） 现在完成进行时: has/have been doing
过去完成进行时: had been doing
rise rose risen 名词时-a rise in prices，不及物时-the sun rises in the east and sets in the west / his voice rose / rise to ones feet / rise from ones seats.
arise不及物，出现，产生, a new crisis has arisen, think little/nothing of不重视，think highly/well/much of对xx评价高，think poorly/badly/ill of对xx评价低，
虚拟语气:he treats her as if she were an angel 虚拟/ it looks as if it is going to rain陈述，as if/as though引导从句时一般用虚拟语气，如果很可能实现的则用陈述语气，it was John who broken the window，why are 有 talking to me as if i had done it?虚拟语气，与过去事实相反用过去完成时，he felt as if/though he were dying虚拟和现在事实相反 / she speak english so fluently as if she had studied-虚拟和过去事实相反 english in america / he learns english so hard as if he would go虚拟和将来事实相反 to the USA. It looks as if/though it is going to rain陈述事实或可能性很大的情况不用虚拟。固定搭配 as if he was to say sth似乎好像要说
at an end做表语/come to an end主语是物/put...to an end主语是人，at the end of在..结尾，by the end of在..末为止，end up with以...结束，make ends meet收支相抵。 damage破坏，可修复，destroy摧毁无法修复，ruin毁灭，使破产，废墟， 1/2 a half， 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds，主谓一致（分数/百分数+n作主语，以该被分的主语的单复数来决定后面的谓语单复数）， injure意外事故受伤，hurt肉体，精神上伤害，wound皮肉之伤，harm健康，权利，事业等伤害。 shelter sth from遮挡，take shelter from 躲避，give sb shelter庇护某人，a bus shelter，
词组搭配：be of good/high/bad/poor; qualify v使..有资格：be qualified to do/for sth; beautify,classify,identify,purify,simplify. Devote oneself to sth./doing devote one’s time/energy/life to sth./doing. Devoted忠实的，深爱的=faithful,loyal. Object to doing反对， stick to doing坚持， lead to doing 引领，Pay attention to doing注意，get/be accustomed to doing习惯于，get/be used to doing习惯于， get down to doing开始着手做， look forward to doing盼望，
The time and energy he has devoted in the past few years to helping the sick is now considered to be of great value.;
Out of work/out of employment/ lose one’s job 失业； out of 出于respect/fear/pity/curiosity， out of trouble摆脱困境=>反义be in trouble, out of sight看不见，out of order出故障，有毛病= break down，out of reach 够不到，out of mind心不在焉=absent minded，out of date过时，out of question毫无疑问。 out of the question=impossible不可能，out of place位置不当（反义 in place） around the clock全天候, around the corner即将来临，out of place不适当， position位置，situation形势，局面，condition（居住，工作）环境，条件，state状态，状况. from his position on the top of the mountain,he had a good view of the harbor. / They have to work in very difficult conditions. / This situation is unfavorable for us. Turn out结果是，证明是，turn in上交，turn over翻转，移交，turn to求助于，转向于， turn down拒绝， select精心挑选，choose选择其一，pick精心挑选有挑剔意味，elect选举代表， design设计，构思 be designed for为...而设计 be designed to do为做...而设计 in design在设计上 by design故意地=on purpose. I can’t fancy his doing such a thing. Fancy meeting you here! Fancy staking花样滑冰，fancy dress化妆舞会服, take a fancy to sb/sth喜欢上， be fond of 喜欢，care for喜欢，对..有兴趣， go in for喜欢，有某种习惯，take to开始喜欢。 lots of jewels珠宝可数，jewelry珠宝总称不可数， in return for为了答谢, in turn依次，轮流，因而，反过来=by turn mary gave jack an apple while jack gave mary an orange in turn. A troop of 侧重于正规，整齐的一队人， a group of一群人或动物，更加广泛。 remove sth. from拿开，移开， be removed from把某人免职，remove one’s make up from ..去掉，消除。 i have unpleasant impression of you. Be worth doing值得做xx be worthy of sth/ be worthy of being done/ be worthy to be done it is worthwhile to do sth. Stand by 袖手旁观，stand out突出，显眼，stand for代表，主张，容忍。 be admitted to 接纳，允许进入某租住，机构， admit sb to允许sb进入， admit doing承认 at last the man had no choice but(不得不） to admit having stolen the computer from the office. As well也，还 i’m going to beijing and my sister is going to as well. As well as还有，和...一样好，不但...而且your mother as well as you is kind to me. / i cook as well as my mother(does)/he can speak spanish as well as english. might as well不妨，最好 it’s not very far, so we might as well go on foot. Show honor to sb 对某人表示敬意 in honor of为向...表示敬意。 would you honor us with a visit? / It’s a great honor to receive that prize. There’s as much competition among countries to host the olympics as to win olympic games.国与国之间争取奥运会承办权就和奥运会竞争一样激烈。 as adj/adv as; as adj/adv + n.as; as much/many ...as the film is as interesting as that one. / he is as hard-working a boy as anyone in the class / you must give flower as much water as they need / he is twice as clever as you think. As cool as a cucumber极其冷静 as sharp as a needle极其敏锐 as rich as a jew极为富有。 replace ...with..用...替换， take the place of = replace取代， i’ve been told that the medical team, consisting(伴随状语) of five doctors and ten nurses, is to be sent to the flood stricken area. consist of由..组成，主动， be made up of，be composed of由..组成，被动。
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