友情提示：本文共有 18321 个字，阅读大概需要 37 分钟。
一．简单句：
英语基本句型-1
主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Deep water stays still.
He was at work.
She is in good health.
It is beyond my ability.
I was at a loss.
You are under arrest.
英语基本句型-2
主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises.
Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. They had to travel by air or boat.
3. She sat there alone.
4. He came back when we were eating.
5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。
英语基本句型-3
主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
英语基本句型-4
双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
英语基本句型-5
复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
如： The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
My mother asked me to clean my room.
The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.
用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
也可以说 I found it was pleasant to be with your family. 它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是复合句，意思都是一样的。
英语基本句型-6
There be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。如：
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
现在有 there is/are …
过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
There used to be a cinema here before the war.
二．并列句。
结构：
1.由分号连接。
eg. Some people cry; others laugh.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.
2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both…and…/not only…but also…/as well as/
or else/ either…or…/neither…nor…/not…but…等。
eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.
I’ve got a cold, so I’m going to bed.
Both my father and mother are teachers.
It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.
三、复合句
构成：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的，引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。
分类：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。
1. 主语从句(Subject Clause)
一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.
1）常规主语从句，句子在复合句中充当主语
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
Who will be our monitor hasn"t been decided yet.
Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
What caused the accident remains unknown.
Whatever you did is right.
Whose watch was lost is unknown.
What we need is time.
小结:
（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三人称单数。
注意：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
It is certain that he will win the match.
It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
It is strange that he should do that.
It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)
2.表语从句
定义：
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Why he cried yesterday.
How I can persuade her to join us in the party.
注意：
1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2.不用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3.像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4.that 在表语从句中不能省掉。
3. 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.
构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语 直接宾语
He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语 直接宾语
He told that he would go to the college the next year.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
I dont know whom you should depend on.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
He didnt tell me when we should meet again.
Could you please tell me how you read the new book?
None of us knows where these can be bought.
注意：
1.用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
We take it that you will agree with us.
2.介词的宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
3.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
4. if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
在不定式前只能用whether.
I can’t decide whether to stay.
⑤避免歧义时,我们常用whether而不用if.
5.宾语从句的否定转移
动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
6.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时的时候,从句用相应的过去时态
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
7.建议 suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
决定 decide;
命令 order、command;
坚决主张 insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
4.同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．
I had no idea that you were here．
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。
复合句（The Complex Sentence）：句子中有一个或一个以上的从句，叫做复合句。复合句可分为：
1).定语从句（The Attributive Clause）；
2).状语从句（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).名词性从句（The Noun Clause）
一、 定语从句
· 定语从句的定义
定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。
· 先行词和引导词
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。
引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
· 关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when, where, why。 注意：关系副词里面没有how。
如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.
我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
· 关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
· 关系代词：whom
He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterday.
（whom在从句中作宾语）
· 关系代词：whose
whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）
· 关系代词：which（1）
which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn"t need as much water as rice.
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
· 关系代词：which（2）
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一般情况下要选which：
1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2. 修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
3. 修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot.
4. 介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers.
· 关系代词：that（1）
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
（指物，作主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
（指人，作主语。）
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
（指人，作宾语，可省略。）
· 关系代词：that（2）
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
All (that) she lacked was training.
2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
4. 先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
二、 状语从句
1 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
2 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
3 原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn"t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
4 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
5 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can"t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can"t go to school
6 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let"s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let"s go out for a walk.
7 让步状语从句
though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it"s raining, they are still working in the field.
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We"ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they"re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they"re given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
8 比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
9 比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let"s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：
She didn"t arrive until 6 o"clock.
Don"t get off the bus until it has stopped.
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…
10 表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
三、 名词性从句
1）.宾语从句（The Object Clause）；
· 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
· 宾语从句：及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn"t grow on trees.
· 宾语从句：短语动词
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
· 宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am interested in what she is doing.
· 宾语从句：否定的转移
I don"t suppose you"re used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I don"t believe she"ll arrive before 8.
我相信她8点之前不会到。
2）.表语从句（The Predicative Clause）；
· 表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That"s why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
· 虚拟语气：表语从句
主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
3）.同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）。
· 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
· 同位语从句：whether
whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
· 同位语从句：what
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now.
· 同位语从句：how
how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It’s a question how he did it.
· 同位语从句和定语从句的区别（1）
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。
· 同位语从句和定语从句的区别（2）
that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
· 同位语从句和定语从句的区别（3）
whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句
本文如果对你有帮助，请点赞收藏《英语句型结构典型举例》，同时在此感谢原作者。
