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英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
1、陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。如:
Iraq is an Asian country.
伊拉克是亚洲国家。(肯定句)
The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.
美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。(否定句)
Who was it that they want to help?
他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀?(疑问句)
How interesting my stay in China has been!
我在中国的日子过的真有趣!(感叹句)
2、祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如:
Please come over here. 请到这边来。
Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗?
Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
3、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如:
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.
我希望我能通过考试。
Hope you succeed!
祝你成功!
If only we had been college students last year!
上一年我们要是大学生该多好!
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语
主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
eg:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
3、表示与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should+do
③if +动词过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg:If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
虚拟语气的倒装形式:
If I had worked hard ,I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了。
=Had I worked hard ,I would have finished it
If it should snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman 如果明天下月,我将会对雪人
Should it snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
=Were it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
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