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说到英语学习,似乎有一个比较奇怪的现象,一个看似非常简单的词有可能是最难的,如果不注意的话,可能就会导致误解误用,尤其是在考试的时候会给考生带来莫名的烦恼。下面说的英语单词“as”就属于这种情况,只有两个字母,用法却不少,意义也很多,如果不认真的话,可能就不会扎实掌握,以至给英语学习造成很大的影响。下面就来看看由as和其它词汇构成的三对短语的意义和用法。
一、as of和as from的意义和用法
as of
释义:
自…起;截至((用于表示事情开始或结束的时间或日期)used to indicate a time or date at which something begins or ends)
例句:
1.1. As of five o"clock the store will be closed for inventory.(从五点钟开始,商店将关门盘点。)
1.2. As of today, we do not believe that the declaration of a state of emergency would increase the flow of supplies. (从今天起,我们不相信宣布处于紧急状态会加大补给品的流量。)
1.3. As of now, it"s difficult to tell in a cancer"s early stage which patients have which kind of tumor. (到目前为止,很难在癌症的早期阶段判断哪些患者有哪一种肿瘤。)
1.4. As of last year, women held 51.4 percent of all managerial and professional positions, up from 26 percent in 1980. (截至去年,妇女占所有管理和专业职位的51.4%,高于1980年的26%。)
1.5. As of June, China was the largest single holder of U. S. agency debt, and is one of the world"s largest overall holders of U. S. securities. (截至6月,中国是美国国债最大的单一持有者,并且是全球最大的美国证券总体持有者。)
2. as from
释义:
自…起;从…开始((指事情开始的时间或日期)used to indicate the time or date from which something starts)
例句:
2.1. As from this weekend, we"ll be away for a few weeks. (从这个周末开始,我们将离开几个星期。)
2.2. And so, as an intermediate solution, I"d suggest that you stay in the guest bedroom as from tonight. (所以,作为居间的解决办法,我建议你从今晚开始住在客房里。)
2.3 But I promise that will take place no more, I would work with even much more endeavor and staidness as from next year on. (从明年开始,我一定会在工作上更加努力和认真,不会让这样的事情再一次发生。)
以上as of和as from既具有相同的意义,即,从…时间/日期开始,也有不相同的意义,即 as of表示,到…时间/日期为止的意义,而区分as of究竟是表示从…时间/日期开始还是表示到…时间/日期为止的意义,主要在于谓语的时态,如果谓语是一般时或将来时就表示从…时间/日期开始,如果使用过去时或完成时则表示到…时间/日期为止。
二、as for和as to的意义和用法
1. as for的意义和用法
释义:
至于,关于,说到,就…而言,对于(on the topic o, with regard to, regarding, concerning)
例句:
1.1. As for anything told to me in confidence, well, my lips are sealed. (至于私底下告诉我的任何事情,我会守口如瓶的。)
1.2. As for dark energy, physicists do not know what it is, let alone how to calculate how much information it can store. (至于暗能量,物理学家并不知道它究竟是什麽东西,更别说要如何计算它可以储存的信息量了。)
1.3. As for the question of when the train would arrive, none of the clerks at the ticket office bothered to answer. (对于火车何时才能抵达这一问题,售票处的职员个个都懒得回答。)
2. as to的意义和用法
释义:
至于,说到,关于,如此……以便(with regard to, as regards, regarding, concerning, in respect of)
例句:
2.1. As to the ideological work, we should never go about impetuously. (对于思想工作,千万不可浮躁行事。)
2.2. As to our future plans, I think I need only say that the company intends to expand at a steady rate. (至于我们未来的计划,我想我只需要说公司打算以稳定的速度扩张。)
2.3. They should make decisions as to whether the student needs more help. (他们应该决定学生是否需要更多的帮助。)
2.2. Andy sat down at the table and inquired as to what the problem was. (安迪在桌边落座,询问出了什么问题。)
2.3. We were unable to get a clear idea as to whether or not the officials believed that the missing people were alive or dead.(我们不清楚这些官员是否相信失踪人口是生还是死。)
短语as for和as to相同之处在于两者都可以用于句首(You use as for and as to at the beginning of a sentence in order to introduce a slightly different subject that is still connected to the previous one. )表示,至于、关于、说到等,但as to用于句中的情况比较多。
三、as it is和as it were的意义和用法
1.as it is的意义和用法
释义:
事实上,实际上(表示实际情况和可能情况的对比)in the actual state of affairs and often contrary to expectations)
例句:
1.1. I"m not buying the children anything else today and I"ve spent far too much money as it is. (我今天不给孩子们买别的了,实际上我已经花了太多的钱。)
1.2. As it is, if I fail this, then I fail out of school all together. (实际上,如果我失败了,那么我们就会一起失学。)
1.3. I thought conditions would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse. (我认为情况会转好,但事实上反倒变得更糟。)
2.as it were的意义和用法
释义:
可以说;似乎;可谓;在某种程度上(as one might say; as could be said,as if it were really so)
例句:
2.1. As it were, we have this ever evolving tree of life. (在一定程度上,我们拥有了一棵不断演化的生命之树。)
2.2. I"d understood the words, but I didn"t, as it were, understand the question. (字面的意思我懂了,但是可以说这个问题我并不理解。)
2.3. The tropical rainforests and the Weddell Sea may, as it were, be polar opposites as habitats. (热带雨林和威德尔海也许可以说是两个截然相反的栖息地。)
2.4. The new manager is not equal to the task, as it were. (新经理对这项工作可以说是不能胜任的。)
2.5. When we wish to know about any particular thing there, we turn our attention to it and the thing speaks to us, as it were. (当我们希望了解那里的特别的事情的时候,我们注意它,它就好像可以跟我们对话。)
as it is和as it were这两个短语看起来像是时态上有差别,但实际上它们的意义和用法是完全不同的,前者表示实际上,后者相当于一个成语,表示似乎、可以说、在一定程度上等意义,这一点是必须给与特别的注意。
以上三对还有as的短语是在英语阅读常见的,它们既有相同或相通之处,又有意义的用法的明显的差别,考生在学习的过程中需要多做比较和辨析,注意比较英汉语言的表达方式,强化认知感受,增加积累,才会做到熟练掌握和应用。
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