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英语口语·吉米老师说
英语学了一段时间，单词弄懂了，但是连起来却看不懂？这篇文章中的阅读技巧对英文阅读有障碍的人十分重要。
英语·阅读能力
英文来源：英国莱斯特大学官网
中文来源：CNKI学术搜索微信公号整理翻译
版权权归原作者所有
Improving your reading skills will reduce unnecessary reading time and enable you to read in a more focused and selective manner. You will also be able to increase your levels of understanding and concentration. This guide shows you how to read with greater efficiency and effectiveness by using a range of different reading skills.
提高学术阅读能力可以减少不必要的阅读而且让你更加专注和善于选择。也能提升你的理解力和专注力。这份指南会指导你通过一系列技巧高效阅读。
Reading for study
为了研究阅读
You already use a range of reading styles in everyday situations. The normal reading style that you might use for reading a novel is to read in detail, focusing on every word in sequence from start to finish.
在日常生活中，你有很多阅读模式，你通常阅读小说的模式可能是专注于每个细节，从头到尾逐字阅读。
If it is a magazine you are reading, you might flick through the pages to see which articles are of interest. When you look in a telephone directory for a particular name, you purposefully ignore all other entries and focus your attention on spotting the name you want. These everyday reading skills can be applied to your studies.
如果你正在阅读杂志，你可以简单翻阅来寻找自己感兴趣的文章。当你在电话本中寻找特定人名时，你会有意识地忽略其他条目并专注于寻找自己想要的名字。这些你每天都会用的技巧可以应用到学术阅读之中。
To improve your reading skills you need to:
为了提升阅读技巧，你需要：
have clear reading goals;树立清晰的目标；choose the right texts;选择合适的文本；use the right reading style;使用正确的阅读模式；use note taking techniques.掌握记笔记的技巧。
Reading goals
阅读目标
Clear reading goals can significantly increase your reading efficiency. Not everything in print will be of use to you. Use reading goals to select and prioritise information according to the task in hand.
清晰的阅读目标能够显著地提升你的阅读效率。并不是所有的印刷品对你来说都是有用的。你可以根据手头的工作来制定阅读目标并筛选优先阅读的内容。
Reading goals can be:
阅读目标可以如下：
an essay or seminar subject;论文或者研讨会主题；a report brief;报告简报；a selected subject area;选定的学科领域；a series of questions about a specific topic.关于特定主题的一系列问题。Use your reading goals to help you identify the information that is relevant to your current task.
使用您的阅读目标来帮助您识别与当前任务相关的信息。
Choosing a text
选择阅读文本
You will need to assess the text to see if it contains information that is relevant to your reading goals.
你需要评估阅读的文本来确认它是否包含和阅读目标相关的信息。
Check the date of publication. Is the information up-to-date?检查出版日期，确认是否包含最新内容。Read the publisher"s blurb at the back or inside sleeve for an overview of the content.阅读封底的简介或浏览目录。Check the contents page for relevant chapters.查看相关章节的内容。Look up references for your topic in the index.在索引内查找主题相关的内容。If the text does not seem relevant, discard it.如果文本内容与主题不相关，毫不犹豫的放弃它。Once you have selected a text you can use the following techniques of scanning and skimming to help you identify areas for detailed reading.
选定文本后，可以使用以下浏览和跳读的技巧帮助你找出那些需要仔细阅读的内容。
1.Scanning
浏览
Scanning is the technique you might use when reading a telephone directory. You pass your vision speedily over a section of text in order to find particular words or phrases that are relevant to your current task. You can scan:
浏览是你在查找电话本时可能用到的阅读技巧，为了找出与你现在任务相关的特定单词或短语，你的视线快速浏览文字区域，你可以主要浏览以下内容：
the introduction or preface of a text;书籍介绍或封面文字；the first or last paragraphs of chapters;章节的第一段或最后一段；the concluding or summarising chapter of a text;章节的结论或总结；the book index.书籍索引。2.Skimming
跳读
Skimming is the process of speedy reading for general meaning. Let your eyes skip over sentences or phrases which contain detail. Concentrate on identifying the central or main points. Use this technique to:
跳读大体上来说是一种速读的过程。让你的眼睛跳过那些包含特定细节的句子或短语，聚焦于识别主题相关的重点。你可以使用这一技巧用来：
pre-view a selection of text prior to detailed reading;在详细阅读前预览选择的文本；refresh your understanding of a selection of text following detailed reading.详细阅读后用跳读来加深对文本的理解。
Detailed reading and note taking
详细阅读和记笔记
Once you have selected useful information, you can begin to read in detail. Note taking techniques provide a useful aid to reading. Use:
一旦你选定了有用的信息，你可以开始详细阅读了。记笔记能为阅读提供有效的帮助。技巧如下：
underlining and highlighting to pick out what seem to you the most central or important words and phrases. Do this in your own copy of texts or on photocopies - never on borrowed texts;通过划线或高亮的方式来找出你认为重要的词语或中心内容。在你复印的文本或者影印本上这样做——千万不要在借来的书上这样做；keywords to record the main headings as you read. Use one or two keywords for each main point. Keywords can be used when you don"t want to mark the text;用关键词来记录主要标题。每个要点使用一到两个关键词。当你不想为文本做标记的时候，你可以使用关键词的方法；questions to encourage you to take an active approach to your reading. Record your questions as you read. They can also be used as prompts for follow up work;提问题会鼓励你积极阅读。并且在你阅读的过程中要记录下问题，在随后的工作中，可以用来推进任务；summaries to check you have understood what you have read. Pause after a section of text and put what you have read in your own words.通过总结的方法来检验你理解了多少阅读内容。在读完一部分内容后要暂停一下，并用自己的语言来复述总结。These techniques encourage an active engagement with the text as well as providing you with a useful record of your reading. Avoid passively reading large amounts of text, it does not make effective use of your time. Always use a note taking technique to increase your levels of concentration and understanding.
上述技巧鼓励你积极参与阅读并且记录下阅读中有用的内容。要避免消极地阅读大段文本，因为这样你并没有高效地利用时间。要持之以恒地使用记笔记的技巧来提升专注力和理解力。
Increasing your reading speed
提高阅读的速度
It is more important to improve your reading skills than your reading speed. Being focused and selective in your reading habits will reduce the time you spend reading. If, in addition to using a range of reading skills you want to increase your reading speed, then the following technique will be of use.
提高阅读能力比提高阅读速度更重要。将精力集中在阅读习惯上会减少你用在阅读上的时间。如果这样，要使用一系列的阅读技巧来提高你的阅读速度，在这种情况下，你可以使用下面这些技巧。
The average reading speed is about 240-300 words per minute. For the average reader, the eye fixes on each word individually.
一般的阅读速度是每分钟240-300个单词，对于大多数读者来说，他们的眼睛单独停留在每一个单词之上。如下图。
It is easy for your eye to recognise 4 or 5 words in a single fixation without a loss of understanding.
但是对于眼睛来说，每4-5个单词一停顿并不妨碍我们理解文章。
The key to increasing your reading speed is not to increase the speed at which your eyes move across the page, but to increase the word span for a single fixation. A simple way of developing the habit of taking in more than one word per fixation is to take a page of text and divide it length ways into three with two lines drawn down the page. Using a pen or pencil as a pointer, read each line of text by allowing your eye to fall only in the middle of each of the three sections, as indicated by your pointer.
提高阅读速度的关键不在于提高你眼睛在页面上的移动速度，而在于提高每一次眼睛停留时浏览到的单词广度。培养这种阅读习惯的一个简单方式是找一篇文章，然后通过每隔三个词画条线的方式阅读。使用钢笔或者铅笔指着，在阅读每一行文本时，只让眼睛随着钢笔落在三个单词中间的位置。
Developing your reading speed
提升阅读速度
Don"t worry about how quickly you are reading but instead, concentrate on reading the line in only three fixations.不要担心你阅读的有多快，相反，要把注意力放在每三词一停顿的阅读方式上。As this becomes more natural, practise without drawing lines.当越来越适应这种阅读方式后，尝试不用笔指着阅读。Later, reduce the number of fixations to two per line.随后，将停留的次数减少到每两行一次。Once this increased word span becomes a comfortable habit, an increase in your reading speed will occur.一旦你习惯了这种阅读方式，你的阅读速度会大幅提高。
Summary
总结
Have a clear focus for your reading. Set your reading goals.对于阅读有清晰的目标。为自己设立阅读目标。Survey the text before you spend the time and effort involved in detailed reading.在你花费时间和精力仔细阅读文本前，对其进行调查。Scan and skim to select the text for detailed reading.通过浏览和跳读的方式来选择需要精读的文本内容。Scan and skim after detailed reading to reinforce your understanding.精读过的内容通过浏览和跳读的方式来加强理解。Use a form of note taking whilst reading in detail, to keep you concentrating, aid understanding and provide you with a record of your reading.在精读时记笔记是确保自己集中注意力、帮助理解并留存阅读记录的有效方式。Using clear reading goals and a variety of reading skills is more important than increasing your reading speed.在阅读时有清晰的阅读目标和使用阅读技巧比阅读速度更重要。To improve your reading speed, don"t increase the speed of the eye across the page, but increase the number of words the eye recognises in a single fixation.为了提高阅读速度，不要增加眼睛在纸面上浏览的时间，而是要增加每次停留时眼睛看到的单词广度。
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