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Intonation, Speaking and Grammar
语调就像语言的音乐
Intonation is like the music of a language.
语调是指某人在讲话时对其声音的改变。
Intonation means the changes that someone makes to the sound of their voice when speaking.
The up and down movements in the voice can show meaning or emotion. These movements can also take the place of punctuation, such as commas or question marks.
声音中的上下运动可以显示含义或情感。这些动作也可以代替标点符号，例如逗号或问号。
Today on Everyday Grammar, we will explore the subject of intonation by using humor. We will show you how one comedian used intonation in ways that can teach you about American English and grammar.
今天在“日常语法”中，我们将通过幽默来探讨语调主题。我们将向您展示一位喜剧演员如何通过语调来教会您有关美国英语和语法的知识。
Rising intonation
升调
The term rising intonation means the upward movement of the voice, often at the end of a sentence. In general, Americans use rising intonation in what we call “yes/no questions” -- questions that ask for either a “yes” or “no” answer. In some cases, these “yes/no questions” use auxiliary verbs, such as can or do, as in this example:
术语“语调上升”是指声音的向上移动，通常在句子结尾。一般而言，美国人在所谓的“是/否问题”中使用语调上升，即要求“是”或“否”的问题。在某些情况下，这些“是/否问题”使用辅助动词，例如can或do，如本例所示：
Do you know him?
One important point: in everyday or casual speech, Americans sometimes drop off – or leave out - the auxiliary verb do, as in:
重要的一点：在日常或随意的演讲中，美国人有时会掉落或忽略掉辅助动词do，例如：
D’you know him?
You know him?
Did you hear how the voice went up toward the end of the question?
您听到问题结束时声音如何上升了吗？
That is rising intonation.
那是越来越高的语调。
Let’s listen to part of a performance by the American comedian Dave Chappelle. Note how he uses rising intonation at the end of his “yes/no questions.” One quick note: Chappelle is mispronouncingthe name of American actor Jussie Smollett on purpose. He refers to Smollett as “Juicy Somellier.”*
让我们听听美国喜剧演员Dave Chappelle的表演。请注意他在“是/不是问题”的结尾处如何使用语调上升。快速提醒：Chappelle故意误称美国演员Jussie Smollett的名字。他称斯莫列特为“ Juicy Somellier”。*
“Don’t ever forget what happened to that French actor
“You know who I’m talking about?
Jussie Smollett”
Note that Chappelle’s voice rose after the second line – You know who I’m talking about? This is a “yes/no question” that left out the auxiliary verb do.
请注意，Chappelle的声音在第二行之后上升了–您知道我在说谁吗？这是一个“是/否问题”，省略了辅助动词do。
The first line, a statement, has the opposite kind of intonation: falling intonation.
第一行，一条陈述，具有相反的语调：下降语调。
“Don’t ever forget what happened to that French actor”
Let’s listen to more from Chappelle’s performance:
让我们来听听Chappelle的表演：
Jussie Smollett - he’s very French, a very famous French actor...
Y’all never heard of Jussie Smollett?
In this “yes/no question,” Chappelle turns a statement into a question by changing the intonation of his voice. He also uses the informal structure y’all - which means “you all.”
在这个“是/不是问题”中，查佩尔通过改变声音的语调将陈述变成一个问题。他还使用非正式结构y’all-意思是“你们所有人”。
Here is Chappelle’s question:
这是Chappelle的问题：
This is how Chappelle’s words would sound if they were presented as a statement:
如果将Chappelle的单词陈述为陈述，就会这样听起来：
You have never heard of Jussie Smollett.
Questions that are not Yes/No questions
不是的问题/没有的问题
You might be asking yourself about other kinds of questions: for example, questions that are not “yes/no questions.”
您可能会问自己其他类型的问题：例如，不是“是/否”的问题。
Such questions often have interrogatives– words such as what, why, when, or how.
此类问题通常带有疑问句–诸如“什么，为什么，何时，如何”之类的词。
Questions with interrogative words generally have falling intonation – the opposite of “yes/no questions.”
带有疑问词的问题通常会带有语调–与“是/否问题”相反。
So, for example, if a person asked about who Dave Chappelle was making fun of, their question might sound like this:
因此，例如，如果有人问到戴夫·查佩尔（Dave Chappelle）是在取笑谁，那么他们的问题听起来可能是这样的：
Who is Jussie Smollett?
Or they might ask:
或者他们可能会问：
What is Dave Chappelle talking about?
Closing thoughts
总结思想
The main idea of this story is that intonation plays an important rolein showing meaning.
这个故事的主要思想是语调在表达意义上起着重要的作用。
The next time you are listening to the news or watching a comedy show, ask yourself how the speaker is using intonation. Note the different kinds of intonation you hear – rising or falling.
下次您收听新闻或观看喜剧节目时，请问自己演讲者的语调是如何使用的。请注意您听到的不同音调–上升或下降。
Over time, you will begin to use intonation to show differences in meaning between statements, ”yes/no questions,” and other kinds of questions.
随着时间的流逝，您将开始使用语调来显示语句，“是/否问题”和其他类型问题之间的含义差异。
I’m John Russell.
*This is a rough estimate of the name that Chappelle pronounced. It is not an exact spelling.
*这是Chappelle发音的名字的粗略估计。这不是确切的拼写。
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Words in This Story
punctuation– n. the marks in a piece of writing that make its meaning clear and that separate it into sentences or clauses
标点符号– 名词。文字中的标记，其含义清楚，并将其分成句子或从句
comedian– n. a person who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories or by acting in a way that is funny
喜剧演员，名词 —通过讲笑话或有趣的故事或以有趣的方式使人发笑的人
auxiliary verb– n.a verb used with another verb to how the verb’s tense or to form a question
助动词 – 名词。一个动词，与另一个动词一起使用，说明该动词的时态或如何形成问题
mispronounce – v.to say or state (a word or name) incorrectly
发音错误 – 动词。错误地说出或说出（单词或名称）
refer– v.to direct attention to; to describe
提到 – 动词。直接注意；来描述
informal– adj. casual; unceremonious
非正式的—形容词。休闲，随便
interrogative– n. a word used in questions
提问—名词。问题中使用的单词
role –n. an actor’s part in a play or movie; a position or job
角色– 名词。演员在戏剧或电影中的角色；职位或工作
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