小A 晋城教育资讯
还有两个多月就高考了，现在同学们都在紧张的复习中准备最后的冲刺阶段。而如何科学的复习，也是需要同学们去着重注意的，每一科的复习方法，每一个题型的复习方法，都是需要我们去运用规律和知识去理解和学习的。
就拿主科的英语来说，他的题型有听力、选择题、阅读理解、作文等，每一个板块如何复习，有没有规律可循，都是需要我们在最后的冲刺阶段去解决的。
英语作为拉开两极分化差距的学科，许多同学在做题的时候也面临着看不懂题目，单词量缺乏等问题，而在高考的英语题型中阅读理解又是一个占比很大的题型，所以如何在阅读理解中不丢分，方法也是很重要的。
接下来就给同学们讲讲如何做阅读理解，怎么提分。干货来啦，小板凳准备好了吗？
首先，英语的阅读理解可以大致分为九个类型：
英语阅读理解九大题型
一、细节事实题
二、例证题
三、词汇题
四、句子理解题
五、指代题
六、推理题
七、作者态度题
八、判断题
九、主旨题
同学们并不一定要把每个类型的分类弄清楚，毕竟实战比空想更重要，在这里只是帮助大家去理解和分析。
了解了阅读理解的常见题型，那每个题型具体的解题方法是什么呢，现在为大家讲解一下，敲黑板啦，小板凳准备好了没？
01 细节事实题
说明：属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样
此类题型一般分两种：
第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。
第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。
做题方法：做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
这类题型的主要提问方式常为：
①Which of the following is true/not true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is not discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?例子：What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A.Train Science teachers.
B.Distribute science books.
C.Distribute scientific research.
D.Take science to the classroom.
02 例证题
说明：例证题做题的关键在于是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子
做题方法：
①首先返回原文定位该例子；
②然后参考80％向上、20％向下搜索该例子支持的论点；
③在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案。
一般常见的核心词汇有：case、 example、 illustration、 demonstration 、exemplify 、demonstrate、 illustrate
例子：When prehistoric man arrived innewpartsoftheworld, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.
A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today
D.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
03 词汇题
说明：猜词题可以划分为两大类，实词和虚词。实词包含几个小类，分别是单词、短语、句子（短句为主）。虚词通常为代词。
做题方法：
①合成法
合成法是指2个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词。一般来说，新的合成词的意思就是各个组成词的意思的综合。
例如：workmate是由work和mate 组合成的新单词，它的意思是“工友，同事”。这样的单词在平时阅读中经常见到，也比较容易猜测出他们的意思。
②派生法
他是通过在基础词根上添加前缀或者后缀来构造新词。一般来说，前缀改变词义不改变词性；而后缀改变词性不改变词义。
例如：dis-，un-，im-，in-，non-，mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前缀，它们用在单词的前面往往构成原单词的反义词。如appear-disappear、possible-impossible、like-unlike等。
③转换法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词性不变的方法叫做转化法。
例如：The author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket. Empty 由形容词转化用作动词，在此表示“空”的意思。
04 句子理解题
说明：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思。
做题方法：①返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理解其涵义
②重要的并不是上下文，而是句子本身，正确答案与原句之间是一种同义关系，其中没有任何推理过程。
例子：The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.
A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature
C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
05 指代说明题
说明：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词，要求辨别其指代关系。
常考的指代词有：it /that /one
做题方法：
①首先返回原文定位该指代词，并且参考90％向上、10％向下搜索其指代的词、词组或句子；
②然后在四个选项中找出与所找到的词、词组或句子意思最接近的一个作为答案。
例子：Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
06 推理题
说明：推理题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。
推理题的关键词：infer、imply
做题方法：
①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达，正确答案与原文之间没有任何推理关系；②做题时可以寻找四个选项中三错一对的关系；
③如果四个选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与原文意思最接近、所用推理最少的选项即是正确答案。
例子：Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”
What can you conclude from this passage?
A.the engineer asked for too much money
B.the workers should pay the money
C.the knowledge is worth money
D.the new part could cost more
07 作者态度题
说明：作者观点态度题就是指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目。
作者态度题的关键词：attitude believe deem consider regard
作者态度一般分为分为三大类：
①支持、赞同、乐观
②客观、中立
③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观
有些选项是固定不能作为正确答案的：indifferent subjective biased puzzling
做题方法：
①找文中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词、副词
②根据作者举的例子判断
例子：State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they"ve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.
Only recently have they come to see the vital part forest will have to play in storing carbon.
California"s plan,which is expected to be finalized bythe governor next year,should serve as a model。
The author"s attitude to California"s plan can best be describedas________.
A.ambiguous
B.tolerant
C.supportive
D.cautious
08 判断题
说明：判断题属于深层次理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节分析，进行推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。
做题方法：
①首先应判断是三错一对还是三对一错，所谓“对”是指符合原文，所谓“错”是指和原文有矛盾，或原文未提及。
②每一个选项都应力争返回原文，不能通过印象进行判断
需要特别关注的地方：
①转折处
②最高级
③感情色彩的词（褒贬含义）
常见句型：
①which of the following statement is not true/correct/mentioned?
②All of the following statements are true /correct/mentioned except?
例子：To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
09 主旨题
说明：利用宏观阅读技巧做主旨题，特别要小心首段、末段陷阱
做题方法：快速作文法：依据选项、快速作文、与原文核对
常见关键词：best title 、main idea 、main problem 、conclusion
例子：What is the main theme of the passage?
A.Having a goal is vital to success.
B.Being good is different from being great.
C.One cannot succeed without time and practice.
D.Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.
希望大家能把每个题型的解题思路都能弄懂，然后每个题型都多刷几遍，多做几次，把它吃透，熟能生巧，这样在考场上做题就能游刃有余。
