情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，在情景交际和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。情态动词为中学英语考试大纲要求内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法。
热点题型一 情态动词的基本用法
例1、[2017·北京卷] Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A．must B．should
C． can D．need
【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够” 。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——我们班个子最高的男孩——能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
【变式探究】—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone.
A．may B．can
C．must D．dare
答案：C
【提分秘籍】
1．can和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
(2)表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会”，用于肯定 句中。
(3)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的语气。
(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好……”。
No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be
rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
—Could I use your bike tomorrow?
——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗？
—Yes，you can./No，I’m afraid not.
——是的，你可以。/不，恐怕不行。
2．may和might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可、请求，might比may的语气更委婉。
当may用于疑问句时，其否定回答：No，...mustn’t。
(2)may as well＋动词原形“最好；倒不如……”。
—May I take this book out of the reading room?
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？
—No，you mustn’t.You read it in here. xk^w
——不，绝不可以。你在这儿读。
If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。
3．must的用法
(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时，其否定回答为：No，...needn’t/don’t have to。
(2)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone？——你一定要现在插话吗？难道你没有看到 我 正 在打电话吗？
—Sorry sir，but it’s urgent.
——抱歉，先生。但事情紧急。
You mustn’t park here！It’s an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口处。
—Must I give up smoking？——我必须戒烟吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn’t.
——是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
4．shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人 给对 方 的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
—Will you read me a story，Mummy?
——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。
—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir？——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你？
—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you.
——我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。
5．should 的用法
(1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。
(2)表示推测、可能性、预期，意为“应该；可能”。
(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。
There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.既然你在
驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没有什么困难。
I should go and visit him this afternoon，but I wonder if I will be free.
今天下午我应该去看望他，但是我不知道我是否有空。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.
真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
6．will和would的用法
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。
(2)表示习惯性动作,意为“总是”,will指现在,would指过去.
(3)表示功能，意为“能，行”。
The door wouldn’t open，no matter how hard she pushed.
无论她怎么努力去推，这扇门就是打不开。
Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but wouldn’t say where he was.
几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨，他总是沿着这条小河散步。
【举一反三】
It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak.
A．couldn’t B．shouldn’t
C．mustn’t D．needn’t
解析：考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：这里如此吵闹以至 于我们听不见自己讲话。 couldn’t不能；shouldn’t 不应该;mustn’t不准； needn’t 没有必要。由语境可知，此 处 表 示 “我们不能听见自己讲话”，因此选A项。
答案：A
热点题型二 情态动词表示推测
例2、You ________ feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A．should B．need
C．shall D．may
答案：D
【提分秘籍】
情态动词用法
must
只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”。
can/could
用于疑问句中，意为“可能”；用于否定句中,意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。
may/might
用于肯定句表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。
—You needn’t take an umbrella.It isn’t going to rain.
——你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。
—Well，I don’t know.It might do.
——哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。
It can’t be the postman at the door.It’s only six o’clock.
门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。
You must be hungry after the long walk.
走了这么远，你一定饿了。
Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can/could it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢？
【方法技巧】情态动词表示推测三步判断：(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测；表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用 “情态动词＋have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度,must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。
【举一反三】
You ________ be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A．must B．can
C．will D．shall
答案：A
热点题型三 情态动词＋have done
例3．I ________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. x/kw
A．mightn’t B．mustn’t
C．needn’t D．couldn’t
解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：来新学校之前我本没 有必要担心，我这里的同班同学对我很友好。此处表示没有 必要，故用needn’t。needn’t have done本没必要做。mightn’t have done可能没做过；没有mustn’t have done这一用法； couldn’t have done不可能做过。
答案：C
【提分秘籍】
情态动词＋have done用法
must have done
过去一定做过……(肯定句)
can/could have done
过去不可能做过……(否定句)
过去可能做过……吗？(疑问句)
could have done
本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)
may/might have done
过去可能做过……(肯定句)
过去可能没有做过……(否定句)
should/ought to have done
本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句)
本来不应该做而实际上做了(否定句)
needn’t have done
没必要做而做了
My book，TheHouseofHales，is missing.Who could have taken it?
我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？
We could have faced the difficulty together，but why didn’t you tell me?
我们本来能够一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我呢？
Mark needn’t have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没有必要那么匆忙。 他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
I can’t find him anywhere.Where can he have gone?
任何地方都找不到他。他可能去哪里了？
It’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用。他可能没有回家，可能已经去了别的地方。
【举一反三】
—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh，it’s too bad.You ________ have made full
preparations.
A．must B．can
C．would D．should
解析：考查“情态动词＋have done”的用法。句意:“对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。”“哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做充足的准备。”must have done一定已经做了，表示对过去的肯定推测；can/would have done可能已经做了；should have done本应该做(实际并未做)。根据句意可知should符合语境，故答案为D项。
答案：D
热点题型四 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
例4、 If I ________ it with my own eyes，I wouldn’t have believed it.
A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing
C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen
答案：D
【提分秘籍】
与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词：过去时(be用were)
主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋do
与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词：had＋过去分词
主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋have done
与将来事实相反
从句谓语动词：过去时/were＋to do/should＋do
主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might＋do
if引导的条件从句的倒装
如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were,had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前。
混合条件句的虚拟语气
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。
含蓄虚拟结构
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导。
I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.
如果我当时认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。
Sorry，I am too busy now.If I had time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.
很抱歉，我现在非常忙。若我有时 间，我将一定与你外出郊游。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
Grace不想搬到纽约，因为她想如果要是住那里，她将不可 能经常地见到她的父母。
【举一反三】
It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________ nowhere to stay now.
A．had B．had had
C．would have D．would have had
答案：C
热点题型五 虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
例5、[2017·北京卷] If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A．had been put B．were put
C．should be put D．would be put
【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用had done形式， 故答案选 A。句意：如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话， 这次事故就不会发生了。
【提分秘籍】
类别用法
名词性从句
表示要求，命令，建议，请求等意义的词后接宾语从句和同位语从句，以及与这些词有关的表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的动词:suggest，advise，order，require，demand，propose,command，request，insist，recommend，以及这些词的名词形式。注意：当suggest作“暗示，表明”,insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。
wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would＋动词原形，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。
其他句型中It is (high)time(that)．..句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。
would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟)。
if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚 拟)、过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望。
as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)、过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)、could/might/would＋动词原形(与将来事实相反)。
My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.
我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。
—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——孩子们在哪里？再这么等下去，这顿饭就吃不好了。
—I wish they weren’t always late.
——我希望他们不要老是吃饭不准时。
The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.
这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错，应该马上被释放。
Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice！
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！
【举一反三】
Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A．is B．were
C．has been D．had been
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是用钢制成的似的。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。
答案：B
看看高考题怎么考？
1．[2017·北京卷] Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A．must B．should
C． can D．need
2．[2017·北京卷] If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A．had been put B．were put
C．should be put D．would be put
【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用had done形式， 故答案选 A。句意：如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话， 这次事故就不会发生了。
3．[2017·江苏卷] ________not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A．It were B．Were it
C．It was D．Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
4． [2017·天津卷] My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A．daren"t B．shouldn"t
C．needn"t D．mustn"t
【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。根据“I can do it in the morning.”可知现在没必要打扫房间。故选C项。needn"t不必；daren"t不敢；shouldn"t不应该；mustn"t不准，禁止。句意：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。
5．[2017·天津卷] —Do you have Betty"s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday.
A．hadn"t been B．wouldn"t have been
C．weren"t D．wouldn"t be
【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
【考点】考查虚拟语气
【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。
【考点】考查情态动词。
【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can"t have gone D. needn"t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
【考点】考查情态动词
【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。
【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。
【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’ t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。
【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
1．(2014·大纲全国卷)Although you________find bargains in London, it"s not generally a cheap place to shop.
【答案】can
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：虽然你能在伦敦买到便宜货，但是一般来说那不是一个买便宜东西的地方。情态动词can表示理论上的可能性。
2．(2014·重庆卷)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?
【答案】didn"t
3．(2014·湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey ________(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
【答案】had been
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的“would have offered”可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。
4．(2014·福建卷)________(there be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
【答案】Were there
5．(2014·四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________take me to Disneyland at weekends.
【答案】would
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年，那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would可表示习惯性动作，译为“常会，总是”。
6．(2014·安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they________(throw) away in the past.
【答案】would have thrown
【解析】考查情态动词＋have done。句意：现在人们回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据in the past可知，说的是过去的情况，对过去的情况的推测，应使用“情态动词＋完成式”。
7．(2014·陕西卷)My book, TheHouseofHades, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?
【答案】could
【解析】本题考查“情态动词＋have done”的用法。句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？根据句意可知，这是对过去情况的推测，而且该句是疑问句，所以用could。
8．(2014·天津卷)________(catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
【答案】Had he caughtxk/w
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：要是他赶上了上午的火车，他就不会开会迟到了。这是一个省略if的虚拟语气条件句，将句子还原后为If he had caught the morning train。主句中的would not have been late则暗示这里是对过去情况的假设，虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should，could等，且省略if时，常用倒装。
9．(2014·浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they________(come) to our help.
【答案】would have come
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意：我们进行调研的那几个月期间他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if they hadn"t been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用would have done。
10．(2014·江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________bring me food.
【答案】should
【解析】本题考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：他们自己那么穷，________给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。
几道模拟题试一下：
1．It is required by the rules that students ________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.
A．will B．may
C．shall D．would
解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。
2．Visit the old man this afternoon？If you ________，make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin.
A．must B．can
C．may D．shall
解析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：今天下午去看望那个老人？如果你一定要去，请务必涂上防晒油以保护你的皮肤。if you must(do sth.)(表示虽不赞同但可允许)如果你一定要(那么做)，故选must。
3．—Did you meet with the famous actress，Yang Mi?
—________I had come here earlier!
A．If only B．If not
C．But for D．For fear
4．—________it be Tom that stole the manager’s mobile phone?
—No.As far as I know，Tom is very honest.
A．May B．Can
C．Must D．Should
解析：选B。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can可用于否定句或疑问句中表示推测；must表推测时一般用于肯定的陈述句中；may和should表推测时不用于疑问句中。根据语境可知，B项正确。句意：——有可能是Tom偷了经理的手机吗？——不可能。就我所知，汤姆是非常诚实的。
5．—Why wasn’t John hired for the job ?
—I don’t know，but he________．
A．was B．had been
C．should have D．should have been
解析：选D。考查情态动词。上一句意为：为什么John没有被雇佣？下一句意为：我不知道，但是他……。根据句意，选择D最为恰当，意为他本该会被雇佣，隐含意思为他并没有被雇佣，正好符合上一句句意。
6．He________ the job well，but he ________so careless.
A．had done；had been B．could do；was
C．could have done；was D．hadn’t done；had been
7．—Are you absent from the meeting?
—Yes，who________it would rain!
A．has thought B．had thought
C．was thinking D．would have thought
解析：选D。考查情态动词及虚拟语气的用法。句意：——你没去开会？——没有，谁会想到天会下雨呢！
8．—Mr.Smith，can I hand in my composition tomorrow morning?
—Forget it.I’d rather you ________ it to me this afternoon.xk-w
A．can finish B．have finished
C．would finish D．finished
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。would rather后的句子应使用虚拟语气，根据this afternoon可知此处表示与将来事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。would rather后从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
9．________more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games，I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
解析：选B。考查错综虚拟句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用“would＋动词原形”的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。
10．But for the help of my English teacher，I ________ the first prize in the 2015 English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
解析：选B。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构，根据句意要用否定含义，故选B。本句的条件是由介词短语(but for)表达的。
11．It is a rule that public schools ________ provide adequate and safe sports facilities.
A．must B．will
C．shall D．can
解析：选C。考查情态动词。shall用于第三人称时，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。
12．It seemed that our nursery rhymes ________ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter，she would listen to them with keen pleasure.
A．must have had B．should have had
C．could have had D．need have had
解析：选A。考查情态动词。句意：看来我们的儿歌一定有种魔力，因为每天晚上我为女儿唱时，她都听得津津有味。must have done是对过去的事情的肯定推测，表示“肯定，一定”。
13．It sounds like a wonderful match.How I wish I________it like you.
A．watch B．have watched
C．would watch D．had watched
14．It’s suggested in the report that government expenses ________ to increase teachers’ salaries in 2015.
A．be reduced B．were reduced
C．will be reduced D．do reduce
解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：报告中有人建议2015年降低政府开支，提高教师工资。suggest表示“建议”时，其名词性从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，此处的reduce与government expenses之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。
15．He________better last night，but he was a little nervous and didn’t reach his best standard.
A．could perform B．must have performed
C．should perform D．could have performed
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。含蓄条件句，but表转折，表示与过去事实相反，主句使用“情态动词＋have done”。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测，could have done表示在过去本来能做某事。句意：他昨晚本来能表演得更好，但他有点紧张，未能发挥他最好的水平。故选D。
16．Most of the big hotels were full at this time of the year，but finally we ________ find a room in a small guest house near the station.
A．ought to B．could
C．were able to D．might
17．—I called you at 9 last night，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I ________ sleeping.I went to bed very early.
A．need have been B．would have been
C．must have been D．should have been
解析：选C。根据答语中的“I went to bed very early”可知，此处为肯定推测，用must，表示问话人打电话时，答话人一定正在睡觉。must have done表示过去肯定做了某事。
18．________ for the free vegetables，women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often.
A．If it is not B．Were it not
C．Had it not been D．If they were not
解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would not have gone to可知，本句话是对过去事情的虚拟，所以，从句中谓语应用had done的形式；同时，在if条件句中表示虚拟语气时，经常将if省略，而把从句中的had，were或should提前。故选C。
19．—Where is Mick? I cannot find him anywhere.
—He ________ have been off long.I heard him make a call in the passage just now.
A．shouldn’t B．can’t
C．mustn’t D．needn’t
解析：选B。句意：——Mick在哪里？我到处都找不到他。——他不可能出去很久，刚才我还听到他在走廊里打电话。用can’ t have done表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测。
20．Frequent quarrels between my parents are nearly driving me crazy.If only I ________a warm and harmonious family!
A．have B．will have
C．had D．had had
解析：选C。考查虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句意：父母之间频繁的吵架几乎让我崩溃。要是我有一个温暖和谐的家庭该多好啊！if only表示一个强烈的感叹“要是……就好了”，表示对现在愿望的虚拟，从句常用一般过去时。故选C。
