说道进行时,我们一般都是会想到:现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时。而完成时的话亦是如此:现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时。对于这些时态的用法大家应该是不会陌生吧!
用法都是知道的,那么我们来复习一遍,等下好有一个参考对比:
进行时
现在进行时,用这个时态表明的是在现在之前就已经开始,并且以后还要延续一段时间的动作。例如:They are cleaning the house.
过去进行时,用这个时态表明的是在过去某一个时间之前已经开始,并且以后还要延续一段时间的动作。例如:All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.
将来进行时,用这个时态表明的是在将来某一个时间之前已经开始,并且以后还要延续一段时间的动作。例如:He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacation.
过去将来进行时,从过去的某一个时间上来看,将在以后的某一个时间之前开始,并且以后还要延续一段时间的动作。例如:The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.
在这里要注意的是进行时不是你想用就能用的,只有延续性动词才可以用进行时!
完成时
现在完成时,表示的是现在之前就已经完成的动作或状态,但是要注意,现在完成时是不包括现在的。例如:We have done our homework.(动作)He has been a doctor now.(状态)
过去完成时,表示的是在过去的某一个时间之前就已经完成的动作或状态。例如:Three days ago he had already finished his homework. (动作)When he was a boy, he had already been a head of the boys.(状态)
将来完成时,表示的是在将来的某一个时间之前完成的动作或状态。例如:Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows.(动作)Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor.(状态)
过去将来完成时,表示的是在过去的某一时间之前本该完成的动作或状态。这个时态有点区别于前面的三个完成时态,因为这个时态的话一般是用在虚拟语态。例如:If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house. (动作)If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now.(状态)
完成进行时
完成进行时,完成进行时它不像进行时或完成时那么的常用,但是掌握了它,很多时候会帮助到你的。
一、现在完成进行时,表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在,这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。这个可能会有点疑惑,那么我们就详细的讲讲用法:
1.表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能仍在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。
例如:
How long have you been studying here? —I"ve been studying here for five years.你在这里学习多久了? ——我在这里学习了5年了。(未间断过)
2..表示现在经常重复的动作。
例如:
Jack has been phoning Jane every night for the last week.
3.可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。
例如:
His eyes are red. He has been working too hard recently.
我们再看现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别,现在完成进行时强调动作在某一时刻内一直在进行,而且动作现在有结果。到目前为止,该动作可能已不再继续进行,也可能还在继续进行,这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有“all + 表示时间的词语”,如all day,all morning,for和since。现在完成进行时通常表示尚未完成的动作;现在完成时则表示已完成的动作。有些动词如learn,lie,live,rain,sleep,study,wait,work等本身就有持续性,其现在完成进行时形式和现在完成时形式可以互换,惟一的区别是前者更强调动作的持续性。
例如:
He has been sitting there studying all evening.
二、过去完成进行时,表示在过去较早的时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一刻的动作或状态产生结果。直接来看用法:
1..表示过去某时以前持续的动作,过去完成进行时的主要特点与现在完成进行时的主要特点基本相似,只是时间推移到了过去。
例如:
I was tired that day,because I had been working all day.
表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也可能还在继续。
例如:
At last they got the information they had been expecting.
表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍影响到过去某一时刻。
例如:
It had been snowing for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.
某些表示持续动作的动词如work(工作),teach(教授),study(学习),sing(演唱)等,在与表示一段时间的状语连用时,可用过去完成进行时和过去完成时,表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,但前者更强调动作的持续性和不间断性。
例如:
I"d studied for2hours when he called.
2.表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。
例如:
His eyes were red. It was obvious that he had been working too hard.
3.用于间接引语。
They said they had been having a match with Class One.
三、将来完成进行时,表示某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。用法:
1.表示一个已经开始的动作到某一将来时刻仍在继续进行。
例如:
By this time next year,we"ll have been doing business with each other for10years.
四、过去将来完成进行时,表示过去某时之前看来将来某时应该已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。用法:
1.过去将来完成进行时表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去,由上下文决定。
例如:
I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.
2.在间接引语中,若主句为过去时态,则用于宾语从句中的间接引语则要把将来完成进行时改为过去将来完成进行时。
例如:
I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years.
—I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.
3.在特定的语境中,有时过去将来完成进行时可用虚拟语气中。
例如:
At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car,because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front. If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.
4.过去将来完成进行时的情态意义。
例如:
“What interesting job have you found?” Helen asked him; he knew she would have been thinking about it.
以上就是本篇文章的内容了,看了过后,你是否对完成进行时的用法有更多的认识呢?